毛蚶在不同底质与撒播方式下潜沙行为的观测与分析  

The observation and analysis of burrowing behaviors of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata in different substrates and sowing conditions

作　　者：陈雷[1,2] 郭良勇[1,3] 张嵩[1] 邢坤[1] 孙俭 刘奇[1] 卢羽洁[1] 郝晓鹏[1] 崔帆[1] 刘海映[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁师范大学,辽宁大连116081 [3]辽宁省水产苗种管理局,辽宁大连116015 [4]大连大华嘉森海洋资源资产价格评估有限公司,辽宁大连116000 [5]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2016年第4期22-26,共5页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2011203004);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405003);农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室2014年开放课题(2014-MSENC-KF-16)

摘　　要：为了探究不同底质与撒播方式对毛柑（Scapharca subcrenata）潜沙行为的影响, 在实验室条件下, 观察了壳长（ 10.0±0.9）mm毛蚶的潜沙过程, 并研究了沙质（粒径251-500μm ）和泥沙质（ 粒径〈120 μm ）两种底质和播散方式（ 集中和分散） 对毛蚶潜沙时间和潜沙率的影响.结果显示, 毛蚶潜沙过程分为准备、潜沙及结束3 个阶段.在两种底质条件下, 集中播撒方式的毛蚶潜沙时间均短于分散播撒方式, 但同种底质不同播撒方式下的毛蚶潜沙时间差异不显著（ P〉0. 05）.无论是集中播撒还是分散播撒, 沙质条件下毛蚶的潜沙时间均短于泥沙质的潜沙时间, 并且在分散播撒方式下, 两种底质的差异达到显著水平（ P〈0.05 ） ;两种底质条件下, 毛蚶的潜沙率均表现为集中播撒高于分散播撒.研究表明, 与泥沙质底质相比, 毛蚶在沙质条件下更易于快速潜底; 与分散播散方式相比, 集中播撒更利于毛蚶快速潜底.To study the effects of substrate and sowing condition on burrowing behaviors of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata,burrowing processes of ark shell(shell length 10.0 ± 0.9 mm) were observed under laboratory conditions,meanwhile,effects of different substrate grain sizes(251-500 μm and < 120 μm) and sowing conditions(centralized and decentralized sowing) on burial time and burrowing rate of ark shell were studied.The results showed that the burrowing behavior of ark shells included three steps: preparation,burrowing and finishing.In both types of substrates,the burial time required by ark shell under centralized sowing condition was shorter than that under decentralized sowing,but the time differences in both substrates were not significant(P > 0.05).While in both centralized and decentralized sowing conditions,the burial time required by ark shell in substrate with grain size 251-500 μm was less than that in the grain size < 120 μm substrate,and the time difference between the two types of substrate was significant under the decentralized sowing condition(P < 0.05).In both substrate conditions,the burrowing rate of ark shell under centralized sowing condition was higher than that under decentralized sowing condition.Therefore,compared with grain size 251-500 μm,the substrate with grain size of 251-500 μm was more helpful to the burrowing of ark shell,and centralized sowing condition was more favorable to the burrowing of ark shell than the decentralized sowing.

关 键 词：毛蚶 潜沙行为 播撒方式 潜沙率 潜沙时间 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]