干燥温度对豆科牧草种子脱水速率和发芽率的影响  

Effects of drying temperature on water loss and germination rates of leguminous forage seeds

作　　者：马金星[1,2] 屠德鹏[1] 寇建村[3] 刘芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]全国畜牧总站农业部全国草业产品质量监督检验测试中心,北京100125 [2]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [3]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草业学报》2016年第8期56-64,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：农业部牧草种质资源保护项目(NB08-2130135-43)资助

摘　　要：种子入库保存前,以相对湿度(15±3)%,温度(15±2)和(21±2)℃分别对23种豆科牧草种子进行干燥,以掌握不同的干燥温度对种子脱水速率和发芽率的影响。结果表明,1)11d后,在(15±2)℃的干燥温度下,14种种子含水量降至7%以下的入库标准,而在(21±2)℃的干燥温度下,除小冠花外,其余种子含水量都达到了入库标准;2)(15±2)℃的干燥温度对11种牧草种子发芽率无显著影响,使6种牧草种子发芽率较干燥前显著升高,6种显著降低,而(21±2)℃的干燥温度对15种牧草种子发芽率无影响,使5种发芽率较干燥前显著升高,3种显著降低。综合考虑,对极易脱水的种子(白花灰叶豆、百脉根、红三叶、毛蔓豆、木豆、紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、有钩柱花草、葛藤、圭亚那柱花草)和易脱水种子(二色胡枝子、柠条、紫云英)应在(15±2)℃条件下进行干燥;对难脱水种子(白三叶、大翼豆、红豆草、箭斑三叶、箭筈豌豆、绛三叶、羊柴、硬皮豆、猪屎豆)应在(21±2)℃条件下进行干燥;对极难脱水的小冠花种子干燥温度还有待研究。In order to understand the effects of drying temperature on the water loss and germination rates of seeds,seeds of 23 legume species were dried at （15±2）and （21±2）℃ with （15 ±3）% relative humidity be-fore they were put into the gene bank.The results showed that：1）at 11 d the water contents of 14 species met the storage standard,below 7%,while all species with the exception of Coronilla varia met the standard at （21±2）℃.2）Compared with undried seeds,the drying temperature （15±2）℃ had no effect on the seed ger-mination rates of 11 species,increased the rates of 6 species and significantly decreased the rates of 6 species. The drying temperature （21±2）℃ had no effect on 15 species,increased the germination rate of 5 species and decreased that of 3 species.In conclusion,the easily-dried seeds （Tephrosia candida ,Lotus corniculatus ,Tri-folium pratense ,Calopogonium mucunoides ,Cajanus cajan , Medicago sativa ,Astragalus adsurgens , Stylosanthes hamata ,Pueraria lobate and S .guianensias ）and the relatively-easy-dried seeds （Lespedeza bi-color ,Caragana korshinskii and A.sinicus）should be dried at （15±2）℃.Seeds that are more difficult to dry （T.repens ,Macroptilium lathyroides ,Onobrychis viciifolia ,T.vesiculosm,Vicia sativa ,T.incarnatum, Hedysarum leave ,Macrotyloma uniflorum and Crotalaria pallida ）should be dried at （21±2）℃.The drying temperature for C.varia,which was very difficult to dry,requires further study.

关 键 词：豆科 种子 干燥 脱水 发芽率 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]