大穗看麦娘化学防控田间效果评价  

The effect of herbicide application timing and dosage on control of Alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat

作　　者：高兴祥[1] 孙作文 李美[1] 房锋[1] 李健[1] 吴加军 李茂昇 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省植物保护总站,山东济南250100 [3]陶氏化学(上海)有限公司,上海201203

出　　处：《草业学报》2016年第8期172-179,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303022);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设经费项目(SDAIT-04-022-03)资助

摘　　要：大穗看麦娘在欧洲是一种分布广泛、危害巨大的禾本科杂草,在我国仅在台湾有报道分布,但目前在我国黄淮海区域已经有分布,为新的入侵危害杂草,其化学防控技术未见系统报道。本研究特选择小麦田常用防除禾本科杂草的8种除草剂,于2013-2014年度在大穗看麦娘为优势杂草的冬小麦田,分别于冬前、冬季低温及春季小麦返青初期3个时期施药,以期明确各除草剂对大穗看麦娘的田间防除效果、最佳使用时间及对冬小麦的安全性。试验结果表明,啶磺草胺不同时期施药,对大穗看麦娘均有很好的防控效果,鲜重防效达到97.1%-100.0%;甲基二磺隆在不同时期施药也有很好的效果,在80.1%-98.6%之间;唑啉草酯冬前施药效果优,但冬季低温和春季返青初期施药效果较差,3次施药鲜重防效分别在99.3%-99.9%,74.1%-88.9%和46.2%-75.8%之间;炔草酯、精噁唑禾草灵于冬前施药和冬后返青初期施药效果均较好,效果在81.1%-96.8%之间,但冬季低温施药效果差,防效在41.4%-76.0%之间;其他几种药剂氟唑磺隆、肟草酮、异丙隆3次时期施药对大穗看麦娘效果均较差。Alopecurus myosuroides is a major weed in Europe.Originally,it was only found in Taiwan but now it is a worsening problem in China's Mainland,including Shandong,Hebei,and Shanxi.However,there is no information about control using chemical herbicides in China.Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of control and the response of winter wheat to different rates of eight herbicides spraying at different timings during the 2013-2014 growing seasons in Jinan,Shandong province.The results showed that pyroxsulam provided best control on A.myosuroides with a 97.1%-100.0% fresh weight （FW）reduction af-ter application irrespective of application time.Mesosulfuron-methyl also gave good control with 80.1% -98.6% FW reduction.Pinoxaden produced good control （99.3%-99.9% FW reduction）if applied before win-ter,but was less effective applied during winter （74.1%-88.9% FW reduction）and spring （46.2%-75.8%FW reduction）.Clodinafop-propargyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl had good effect with 81.1%-96.8% FW reduc-tion applied before winter and in early spring but had reduced effectiveness applied during winter （41.4% -76.0% FW reduction）.Isoproturon,traloxydim and flucarbazone-Na failed to control A.myosuroides at any applying timing.

关 键 词：大穗看麦娘 防除效果 防除时期 冬小麦 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.221[农业科学—植物保护]