真空电爆炸金属丝中电子的单粒子轨道行为  

Motion of single electron from electrical exploding wires in vaccum

作　　者：吴坚[1] 杨泽锋[1] 李兴文[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电气工程学院,西安710049

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2016年第11期1210-1213,共4页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20130201120042)

摘　　要：为了认识真空电爆炸金属丝中电压击穿过程,基于单粒子轨道理论,根据1kA、100A/ns电流下铝单丝电爆炸实验的电流电压波形,建立了电子运动轨迹的数学物理模型,计算得到不同初始条件(产生时刻、初始位置、速度)下电子的运动轨迹。计算结果表明:对于初速度为0的电子,运动轨迹位于r-z平面;当电流超过0.3kA时,电子开始被束缚在金属丝周围,磁场越强,发射位置距离金属丝越近,回旋运动的径向范围越小,与轴向碰撞的次数越多,越有利于电压击穿;当发射电子的初始动能等于电压击穿时的欧姆沉积能量时,初始速度沿径向方向时的运动轨迹与其沿轴向方向时的轨迹没有显著差异,而角向方向的初始速度将引起电子绕金属丝旋转。To understand the voltage breakdown process of the electrical exploding wires in vaccum,a model of single electron motion was established and the electron＇s trajectory with different initial parameters（emission time,initial position,initial velocity）were calculated based on the current and voltage waveforms from the aluminum wire explosion experiments under a current of1 kA,100A/ns.With a zero initial velocity,the electron＇s trajectory locates in the r-z plane.When the current is higher than0.3kA,the electron is constrained in the region around the wire.Larger electrical and magnetic fields when the electron emits,and a closer position to the wire where the electron emits will results in a smaller width of the constrained region and more times of collision between the electron and the wire,which will promote voltage breakdown.Assuming the initial kinetic energy of the electron equals to average ohmic energy deposition in the wire,the electron trajectorys are quite similar when the initial velocity is in the radial direction or in the axis direction,but an intial angular velocity will result in the rotation of the electron around the wire.

关 键 词：高电压与绝缘 电爆炸丝 数值模拟 电压击穿 单粒子轨道 

分 类 号：O572.322[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]