中国女子赛艇双桨队年度周期板块化训练创新设计与实施效果研究  

Research on Innovation Design and Implementation Effect of Annual Cycle Training Blocks for Chinese Women's Double Sculls Team

作　　者：金宗强[1] 曹景伟 周耀芳[1] 曹棉英 

机构地区：[1]天津体育学院,天津300381 [2]中国赛艇国家队,北京100763

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2016年第4期56-63,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：天津市131创新型人才专项资金计划;其它--天津体育学院校级创新团队专项基金(2015-05)

摘　　要：运用文献资料、专家访谈、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法,对我国女子赛艇双桨队年度训练周期板块化训练创新设计与实施效果进行探讨,旨在探索赛艇项目年度训练周期模式,为该项目新奥运周期实施科学化训练提供理论和实践指导,同时进一步发展和巩固小周期训练理论在竞技体育项目训练中的作用。结论表明:(1)奥运关键年训练计划可分成五个相互统一、内在关联的板块,即有氧准备期、高原训练期、能力巩固期、赛前准备期和赛前训练期。(2)在训练负荷安排上采取的是大运动量、高有氧训练比例的低强度训练模式,各板块训练量呈现出周期性变化特点,即有氧准备期大运动量、高原训练期减量、能力巩固期加量、赛前准备期和赛前训练期大运动量;在训练方法手段上创新性引入了呼吸肌专门训练,提高了比赛时队员呼吸节奏与动作节奏的匹配效果,有效增强赛艇队员的后程冲刺能力。(3)从训练的实施效果来看,女子双桨队年度训练周期板块化创新设计是合理和成功的,即血红蛋白和血尿素两项身体机能指标阶段性训练效果较好,测功仪最大功成绩呈曲折的上升趋势,世界杯、奥运会奖牌数目增多。By methods of literature review, expert interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, the present paper studies the block training innovation design for Chinese Women’ s Double Sculls Team and its implemen-tation effect, aiming to explore the annual rowing training cycle so as to provide scientific training theory and practical guidance for Chinese rowing team in the new Olympic preparation cycle. Besides, the paper tries to further develop and consolidate the role of micro cycle training theory in competitive sports training. The conclu-sion indicates that：（1） the training plan for the Olympic year can be divided into 5 interconnected blocks, i. e. aerobic preparation period, altitude training period, consolidation period, pre-competition preparation peri-od, and pre-competition training period. （2） The training load arrangement adopts the low intensity training mode with large amount of exercise and high aerobic proportion. Training load in the blocks exhibits periodic variation, i. e. large amount of exercise in the aerobic preparation period, reduction of load in the altitude train-ing period, addition of load in the consolidation period, large amount of exercise in pre-compitition prepara-tion period and pre-competition training period. The respiratory muscle training method was introduced to im-prove the effect of players’ breathing rhythm and technique rhythm in competition, which in turn effectively en-hanced the team’s final sprint ability. （3） In terms of the effect of training, annual cycle training blocks for Chinese women’ s double sculls team is reasonable and successful. i. e. the training effect of hemoglobin and blood urea the two body function indexes, was good, the maximum work performance of dynamometer increased in twists and turns, and medals won at the World Cup and the Olympic Games increased too.

关 键 词：赛艇 女子双桨 板块化训练 设计 

分 类 号：G861.4[文化科学—体育训练]