水稻稻瘟病拮抗细菌WH1G的筛选鉴定及其抑菌活性  

Screening,identification of the antagonistic bacterium WH1G against Magnaporthe oryzae and analysis of its antagonistic activity to other plant pathogens

作　　者：谷春艳[1] 张爱芳[1] 杨雪[1] 严丹侃[1] 陈雨[1] 王学峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《植物保护》2016年第4期48-55,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目(14B1149);安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(14A1129)

摘　　要：采用平板对峙法,从安徽水稻根际土壤样品中筛选对稻瘟病菌具有较强抑菌活性的拮抗细菌,通过菌落形态观察、生理生化特征、gyrB基因序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,测定抑菌谱,对其抑菌机制进行初步研究。结果表明,拮抗菌株WH1G对稻瘟病菌具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率达91.79%,经鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。该菌可产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶,不产生几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶;用代谢产物无菌滤液处理稻瘟病菌,可造成孢子萌发率降低,菌丝扭曲异常、分支明显减少并产生大量泡囊。该菌对常见的20种植物病原真菌及细菌均具有不同程度的拮抗作用,表现出广谱抗菌活性。By plate confrontation culture, the antagonistic strain was screened from the rice rhizosphere soils in Anhui Province, which exhibited anti-fungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blast. In order to explore the anti-fungal mechanism of the antagonistic strain to M. oryzae and its taxonomic status, a series of physiological and biochemical experiments were conducted. The results showed that the strain WHIG could strikingly inhibit the growth of M. oryzae with an inhibition efficiency of 91.79%. Based on morphological observation, biochemical and physiological characteristics and gyrB gene sequence analysis, WH1G was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It could produce proteinase and cellulose, but no chitinase or /3-1,3-glucanase were detected. The metabolites of the antagonistic bacteria could lead to decreased spore germination ratio and abnormal hyphal growth of M. oryzae, such as twist, short growth, less branches and swollen tip. Moreover, the strain could inhibit the growth of 20 common plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, showing broad anti-microbial spectrum.

关 键 词：稻瘟病菌 解淀粉芽胞杆菌 鉴定 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]