高温时数和热积温对超级早稻结实率的影响  

Effects of High Temperature Hours and Thermal Accumulated Temperature on Seed Setting Rate of Super Hybrid Rice

作　　者：喻莎 陆魁东[2,3] 谢佰承[2,3] 胡雪媛 黄晚华[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省平江县气象局,岳阳414500 [2]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410118 [3]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙410118

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2016年第4期454-463,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中国气象局公益性行业(气象)科研专项"超级稻超高产栽培气象保障技术研究"(GYHY201206020)

摘　　要：以超级稻淦鑫203为材料,于2012年和2013年分别进行分期播种试验,根据田间试验获得的产量结构数据和地面观测站气象资料,探讨该品种抽穗后各阶段内高温时数、热积温对超级稻结实率和秕谷率的影响。结果表明：影响超级稻结实率的主要原因是乳熟-成熟期高温导致秕谷率增加,高温与空壳率相关性不明显。高温时数、日热积温及时热积温均与结实率和秕谷率之间存在一元二次函数关系,结实率与三者呈负相关,秕谷率与之呈正相关。且三者影响结实率存在临界值,乳熟-成熟期不同量级（35.0~37.0℃）的高温时数对结实率影响的临界值分别为：44.4h、32.6h、22.6h、15.0h和6.0h;日热积温对结实率影响的临界值抽穗-成熟期为18.6℃·d,乳熟-成熟期为12.8℃·d;时热积温对结实率影响的临界值抽穗-成熟期为44.9℃·h,乳熟-成熟期为53.2℃·h。低于临界值时,随着高温影响的累积,结实率呈下降趋势;当高温因子达到临界值后,结实率变化不再明显。研究认为乳熟-成熟期的高温天气导致超级稻籽粒灌浆不充实,秕谷率增大,是影响结实率下降的一个重要原因。An experimental rice field for different stage sowing was conducted in 2012 and 2013 respectively, taking super hybrid rice Jinxin203 as material. Based on yields data and observed meteorological data, the effect of high temperature hours and day thermal accumulated temperature after heading stage on rice setting percentage and empty grain percentage was discussed. The results showed that the main reason to low setting percentage of rice was undergoing high temperature from milky stage to mature stage, but high temperature and empty grain percentage had not obvious correlation. There was negative correlation between setting percentage and high temperature hours, daily thermal accumulate temperature, and hours thermal accumulate temperature, but there was positive correlation between empty grain percentage and high temperature hours, daily thermal accumulate temperature, and hours thermal accumulate temperature. The three factors existed threshold values to rice setting percentage. The threshold values of high temperature hours from milky stage to mature stage were 44.4h, 32.6h, 22.6h, 15.0h and 6.0h, respectively. The threshold values of daily thermal accumulate temperature from heading to mature stage was 18.6℃·d, and 12.8℃·d from milky stage to mature stage. The threshold values of hours thermal accumulate temperature from heading to mature stage was 44.9℃·d, and 53.2℃·d from milky stage to mature stage. When temperature was lower than household value, the rice setting percentage decreased with high temperature accumulated. When high temperature reached the household value, the setting percentage had not changed further. The result indicated that high temperature from milky stage to mature stage was the key factor to lead the setting percentage decreasing.

关 键 词：超级早稻 分期播种 高温因子 日热积温 结实率 秕谷率 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学] S161.2