新疆褐牛种群遗传多样性分析  

Population Genetic Diversity of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

作　　者：周振勇[1] 李娜[1] 李红波[1] 闫向民[1] 张金山[1] 杜玮[1] 张杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院畜牧研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第7期1356-1363,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区科技重大专项课题"新疆肉牛新品种(系)培育与杂交改良技术研究示范"(201230116-10)~~

摘　　要：【目的】检测新疆褐牛的遗传多样性及其不同居群(杂交类型)的亲缘关系。【方法】采用8对微卫星分子标记对新疆褐牛的4个群体进行遗传多样性与遗传结构分析。【结果】在192个个体扩增得到72个等位基因,每个位点平均等位基因数(A)为9。4个新疆褐牛群体的平均预期杂合度(HE)为0.716 2,平均观察杂合度(HO)为0.695 4,群体处于遗传平衡状态。群体平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度较高,4个群体8个位点的平均多态信息含量分别为0.673 6、0.622 0、0.626 5和0.541 3。群体基因流BM2133位点最大(7.096 5),BM1824位点最小(2.112 8),各位点平均基因流为4.008 9,4个群体间存在一定的基因交流。4个群体间的遗传变异为5.87%,另外94.13%的遗传变异由个体间的差异产生。基因流不是主导新疆褐牛种群遗传结构的关键因素。聚类分析显示4个群体可按遗传距离分为两类。【结论】新疆褐牛4个群体的遗传多样性丰富,可作为育种材料培育牛的新品种与新疆褐牛新类型。【Objective】To detect Xinjiang Brown Cattle Genetic diversity and different populations（ hybrid type） of genetic relationship.【Method】Eight microsatellite markers were used to carry out genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of the four natural populations of Xinjiang brown cattle.【Result】In 192 individuals amplified 72 alleles,the average number of alleles per locus（ A） was 9. 4,Xinjiang Brown Cattle natural populations average expected heterozygosity（ HE） was 0. 716,2,and the average observed heterozygosity（ HO） was 0. 695,4,populations in genetic equilibrium. Population was in a state of genetic equilibrium. The average polymorphism information content and average heterozygosity were higher. The average polymorphism information contents of 8 loci in 4 populations were 0. 673,6,0. 622,0,0. 626,5 and 0. 541,3,respectively. Population gene flow BM2133 locus was the maximum（ 7. 096,5）,and BM1824 locus was the minimum. The average gene flow between the groups was 4. 008,9. There was a certain gene exchange between the 4 groups. The genetic variation among the 4 populations was 5. 87%. In addition,94. 13% of the genetic variation was produced by individual differences.. Population gene flow BM2133 loci maximum（ 7. 096,5）,BM1824 loci minimum（ 2. 112,8）,Gene flow was not the key factor to the genetic structure of Xinjiang brown cattle population. Cluster analysis showed that the 4 groups could be divided into two groups according to the genetic distance.【Conclusion】The four breeding population of Xinjiang Brown Cattle has rich genetic diversity which can be used as cattle breeding new varieties and new types.

关 键 词：新疆褐牛 群体遗传变异 微卫星位点 多态信息含量 杂合度 等位基因数 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]