基于蓄能器的挖掘机制动能量回收系统和控制优化  

Braking Energy Recovery System and Control Optimization of Excavator Based on Accumulator

作　　者：惠记庄[1] 杨永奎[1] 郑恒玉 张泽宇[1] 韩文鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路养护装备国家工程实验室,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2016年第7期143-151,共9页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAF07B00);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2015JM5216);中央高校创新团队项目(310825153403)

摘　　要：为了回收液压挖掘机回转制动过程中以热能形式损耗的转动动能,节约能源并降低液压系统的油温以提高设备的可靠性和使用寿命,以回转装置的工作原理和制动能量损失为基础,通过蓄能器的选型在AMESim中建立了基于蓄能器的能量回收系统模型;在回收系统加入了逻辑信号控制系统,通过角速度、角加速度的反馈信号和逻辑运算优化了能量回收与释放的控制过程;同时,为了减少转台制动过程中的液压冲击和摆动,提出了一种纯液压防反转的控制方法。研究结果表明:系统优化后节能比率为15.12%,回转装置的反转角度约为6.28×10-4 rad;该系统能够实现能量的回收和释放,并有效节约能源,通过防反转控制可以有效减小回转平台的摇摆。In order to recover the rotational kinetic energy which loses as heat energy in hydraulic excavator＇s slewing braking process,save energy and reduce the oil temperature of the hydraulic system so as to improve the reliability and service lifetime of equipment,based on the working principle of the rotary device and braking energy loss,the energy recovery system was established based on the accumulator in AMESim through the selection of accumulator;logic signals control system was added in the recovery system,and energy control processes of recovery and release were optimized through the feedback signals of angular velocity and angular acceleration and logic operations.At the same time,in order to reduce hydraulic shock and swing of turntable during braking,a controlling method of pure hydraulic anti-reverse was proposed.The results show that the energy efficiency ratio of the optimized system is 15.12%,and the reversing angle of the rotation device is about 6.28×10^-4 rad.The system can achieve energy recovery and release and save the energy efficiently.The swing of rotary platform can be effectively reduced through antireverse control.

关 键 词：机械工程 挖掘机 控制优化 能量回收 蓄能器 制动动能 

分 类 号：U415.511[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]