基于驾驶人视认特性的高速公路作业区文字类交通标志尺寸  

Text traffic signs size in expressway work zone based on driver's visual characteristics

作　　者：彭余华[1] 吕纪娜 

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《长安大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期71-78,共8页Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河南交通投资集团有限公司科技项目(220000120094)

摘　　要：针对高速公路作业区文字类交通标志在不同行驶速度、道路条件及标志的多信息量条件下对驾驶人视认特性的影响,及其尺寸规格不统一对驾驶人形成的非一致性视觉感受,基于《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768—2009,简称"国标")的文字高度模型,结合高速公路作业区文字类交通标志信息特性,以驾驶人的视认特性为出发点构建车辆行驶模型,设计了多文字标志信息视认试验;通过改进传统文字高度算法,提出了综合考虑行车速度、驾驶人视认特性以及标志牌信息量等因素的汉字高度优化模型。研究结果表明:"国标"对汉字的感知、阅读理解时间的取值是以单个汉字的视认时间为基础的,通过多文字标志信息视认试验发现,当标志牌字数m≥6时,难以反映当前作业区多字数标志信息视认特性;优化的文字高度模型充分考虑了标志牌多信息量时驾驶人的视认特性,文字高度取值比"国标"更合理全面;在此基础上对标志尺寸进行了优化设计,即先采用优化的文字高度算法计算汉字高度,再利用"国标"的汉字排版方式设计,这样既能保证视认性的要求,又能最大限度地利用标志牌版面,进而给出了高速公路作业区文字类标志尺寸的设计标准。Text traffic signs in expressway work zone have effects on the characteristics of driver＇s visibility under the conditions of different speed, road conditions and the sign＇s multi- information, and different traffic signs sizes will cause the dimensions of freeway work zone driver＇s visual experience of non-conformance. Therefore, this paper combined with freeway work zone traffic sign writing class message feature and took visibility characteristics of driver as a starting point to build the vehicle model based on the text height model of ＂road traffic signs and markings＂, and designed the multi-word mark information visibility tests. By improving the algorithm of traditional text height, this paper proposed an optimization model which took the driving speed, the driver＇s visibility features, information signs and other factors into consideration. The results show that the perception of Chinese characters and the value of time reading comprehension in reading traffic signs and markings are both based on the time visibility of a single Chinese character. Through multi-word mark information visibility tests, it is found that when the number of characters m is 6 and above, it is difficult to reflect the visibility characteristics of multi-word mark information in current work zone. Optimized text height model fully considers driver＇s visible characteristics for traffic signs＇ multi-information, and the text height value is more reasonable and comprehensive than national standard. On this basis, the design for signs size is optimized. Optimized text height algorithm is used to calculate the Chinese characters height, and then the design of Chinese characters typesetting in national standard is adopted. It can not only meet the visibility requirements, but also maximize the use of sign layout. The design standards of freeway work zone traffic sign writing class size is proposed. 7 tabs, 3 figs, 22 refs.

关 键 词：交通工程 高速公路 养护作业区 交通标志 文字高度 

分 类 号：U491.52[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]