高压共轨柴油机高海拔燃烧温度特性  

Combustion Temperature Characteristics of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Under High Altitude Conditions

作　　者：周广猛 刘瑞林 董素荣 张众杰 林春城 

机构地区：[1]军事交通学院军用车辆系,天津300161

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2016年第4期296-303,共8页Transactions of Csice

基　　金：国防预研资助项目(40407030103)

摘　　要：利用高原环境模拟试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了高海拔（低气压）条件对缸内平均燃烧温度和温度场的影响.结果表明：高海拔下,缸内最高燃烧温度和不同曲轴转角对应的温度增大.随海拔的升高,缸内每循环油气质量呈线性下降趋势,海拔每升高1,km,下降3.5%,～7.0%,,且3～5,km海拔下降速度高于0～3,km海拔,油气质量的大幅下降造成缸内热容物质的减少,成为柴油机高原下燃烧温度升高的主要原因.在全负荷工况下,累积放热量随海拔的升高而减小,每千米海拔减小3%,～7%,.等负荷工况下,3,km海拔累积放热量基本同平原保持不变,4,km和5,km海拔下则升高.不同工况累积放热量随海拔变化也对燃烧温度造成影响.数值模拟结果表明：喷注在高原环境下喷射速度、着壁和沿缸壁发展的速度更快,缸内高温温度场的扩展速度更快.高原后燃阶段高温温度场的范围明显扩大,通过对喷油参数进行优化能够缩小高温温度场的范围,减少后燃.Impacts of high altitude （low pressure）on in-cylinder mean combustion temperature and temperature field were studied through simulating experiment on engine plateau environment and numerical simulation meth- ods. Experimental results show that in-cylinder maximal temperature and temperatures at different crank angles are increased at high altitude. The decrease in fuel and gas mass per cycle is linear to the altitude. They decrease by 3.5% to 7.0% per thousand meters. Faster increase is shown in the altitudes between 3 km and 5 km than that between 0 km and 3 km. The decrease of fuel and gas mass brings the decrease of thermal capacity, which in turn increases the com- bustion temperature with the increase of altitude. Accumulated heat release decreases with the increase of altitude at full load, at the rate of 3% to 7% per thousand meters. At fixed load condition, the accumulated heat release at 3 km altitude does not change compared with that at zero altitude, but it increases at 4 km and 5 km altitudes. Accumulated heat release at different operating conditions and altitudes also affect the combustion temperature. Simulation results show that the rate of fuel injection, the time of running against the cylinder wall and development along the cylinder wall is fast in high altitude environment. The high temperature field develops faster at high altitude than that at zero altitude. The range of high temperature field increases in the late combustion stage, and this can be decreased by optimizing fuel injection parameters at high altitude, decreasing late combustion at high altitude.

关 键 词：高压共轨柴油机 高海拔 燃烧温度 

分 类 号：TK421[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]