太湖地区稻麦轮作农田有机和常规种植模式下氮磷径流流失特征研究  

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in organic and conventional rice-wheat rotation farmland in Taihu Lake Region

作　　者：陈秋会[1] 席运官[1] 王磊[1] 李妍[1] 张弛[1] 田伟[1] 田然[1] 肖兴基[1] 赵克强[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第8期1550-1558,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-2);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAK19B01)

摘　　要：为探究不同种植模式对氮磷流失的影响,采用田间径流池法,在太湖地区稻麦轮作系统中,通过连续两年田间试验,研究比较了等氮投入条件下常规种植和有机种植模式农田径流水中氮、磷浓度特征,以及径流氮、磷流失量、流失系数。结果表明,稻季和麦季农田径流中总氮、可溶性氮、铵态氮和硝态氮平均浓度和总氮流失量均表现为:常规种植>有机种植>对照。与常规种植相比,有机种植模式能够有效减少稻麦轮作农田中氮的径流流失,且对麦季氮素径流流失的减少效果优于稻季;尽管有机种植模式下磷流失系数低于常规种植,但有机肥投入携带的高磷量会增加农田磷素径流流失量。In order to explore the effects of different cultivation patterns（conventional and organic cultivation）on nitrogen and phosphorus losses, a 2-year field experiment was conducted by building runoff ponds in farmland. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff from the conventional and organic rice-wheat rotation farmland in Taihu Lake Region were analyzed. Results showed that the average concentrations of total nitrogen（TN）, soluble nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate and TN in runoff were in order of conventional cultivation〉or-ganic cultivation〉control. The TN loss coefficients in organic fields were significantly lower than those in the conventional fields. Runoff losses of TN from rice-wheat rotation under the organic cultivation and conventional cultivation were 24.42～52.30 kg·hm-2 and 54.84～78.21 kg·hm-2, respectively, with TN losses lower in organic fields decreased by 33.13%～55.47%. Total N runoff loss under organic cultiva-tion in rice and wheat seasons decreased respectively by 19.27%～25.10% and 40.29%～67.58%, suggesting that effective of reducing N runoff loss in wheat season was better than in rice season. Although the TP loss coefficients in organic fields were lower than that in conven-tional fields, higher P amount in organic fertilizer led to the increase of P runoff loss from organic cultivation system.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 有机种植 农田 径流 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]