汽油车尾气排放CO_2的稳定同位素特征  

Stable Isotopic Characteristics of CO_2 Emitted by Gasoline Vehicles

作　　者：肖瑶[1] 胡敏[1] 李梦仁 秦艳红[1] 彭剑飞[1] 张文彬[2] 郑竞[1] 杜卓菲[1] 邓磊[2] 帅石金[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京市海淀区100871 [2]清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京市海淀区100084

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2016年第16期4497-4504,4540,共8页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB228503;2013CB228502);国家自然科学基金(91544214);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB05010500);中国博士后科学基金(2015M580929)~~

摘　　要：温室气体CO_2浓度增长引起的气候变化问题受到全球广泛关注。CO_2的稳定碳同位素特征可为其源汇机制研究提供有力支持,但需要各类污染源排放的碳同位素特征值,尤其是局地或区域特征作为数据基础。CO_2浓度的增长主要来自化石燃料燃烧,机动车排放是一个重要来源。研究应用基于激光的同位素比红外光谱仪(IRIS),对我国汽油车尾气排放CO_2的稳定碳同位素组成(δ^(13)C)进行了初步的研究,测定结果为(-28.0±0.5)‰。汽油车尾气排放CO_2出现碳同位素分馏现象,其δ^(13)C特征受冷热起动方式影响不大,但与汽油成分、发动机燃烧模式等相关;汽油车尾气排放CO_2的δ18O特征变化较大,同位素分馏更为复杂。化石燃料燃烧产生CO_2的δ^(13)C特征对化石燃料具有较好的指示作用。本研究为碳排放研究提供了重要的数据支持。The Problem of climate change caused by the increase of greenhouse gas CO_2 concentration attracts the world＇s attention. Stable carbon isotopic characteristics of CO_2 can provide strong support for the study of source and sink mechanism of CO_2. However, this needs the stable carbon isotope composition of different emission sources, specially local or regional sources as data base. The combustion of fossil fuel contributes a lot to the increase of CO_2 concentration, especially the emission of vehicles. In this study, we used laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometer（IRIS） to measure the δ^（13）C characteristics of CO_2 emitted by gasoline vehicles in China, getting its stable carbon isotope composition（δ 13C） of（-28.0 ± 0.5）‰. Carbon isotope fractionation exists in CO_2 emitted by gasoline vehicles. δ^（13）C of CO_2 emitted by gasoline vehicles is not affected by cold start or hot start basically, but the composition of gasoline and engine combustion mode can influence δ^（13）C of CO_2. The δ 18 O characteristics of CO_2 emitted by gasoline vehicles changes a lot, with more complicated isotope fractionation. The δ^（13）C characteristics of CO_2 from combustion processes of fossil fuels can be a good indicator for fossil fuels. The δ^（13）C of CO_2 emitted by gasoline vehicles as representative of China can be obtained from this preliminary study, providing basic foundation for the carbon emissions research in China.

关 键 词：汽油车 二氧化碳 稳定碳同位素特征 同位素分馏 碳排放 

分 类 号：TM[电气工程]