恐怖主义的组织结构:类型辨析及其影响  

A Research on the Terrorism Organizational Structure:Types and Their Affects

作　　者：曾向红[1,2] 陈亚州[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学管理学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学中亚研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2016年第8期80-103,159,共24页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：周明主持的国家社科基金青年项目“中亚萨拉菲恐怖极端势力的关系及其对新疆安全的影响研究”(项目批准号:14CGJ016);杨恕主持的国家社科基金重点项目“涉疆反恐形势、机制与对策研究”(项目批准号:15AZD018)的阶段性成果;2016年度兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重点研究基地建设项目(项目批准号:16LZUJBWTD003);上海政法学院创新性学科团队的资助

摘　　要：组织结构对恐怖组织的活动及其发展前景有着至关重要的影响。一般而言,恐怖主义组织结构的形成与发展受到内外部因素的影响,基于此,恐怖组织往往会采用等级结构与网络结构两种结构形式。恐怖主义组织结构的实质差异主要体现在它们的指挥—控制程度、交流结构、分工与专业化程度三个方面。恐怖主义等级结构与网络结构的差异不仅反映了恐怖组织的封闭或开放特征,而且在满足恐怖组织功能需要的基础上,还会影响恐怖组织本身的存续与发展。相对于具有网络结构特征的恐怖组织而言,具有等级结构的恐怖组织具有更强的攻击能力,且话语体系较为严格。在与其他极端组织关系方面,等级结构的恐怖组织往往具有较强封闭性,而网络结构的恐怖组织更易于与其他恐怖组织建立联系。了解恐怖主义组织结构的形成原因、不同类型组织结构的差异及其对恐怖主义发展的影响,既对把握恐怖组织的内部运作模式和行为方式有所裨益,也能为打击和瓦解恐怖组织提供一定政策启发。Terrorism organizational structure has a far-reaching effect on activities of terrorism and its development. Generally speaking, the formation and development of the terrorism organizational structure is always influenced by some external and internal factors. Based on this, terrorism organizations tend to adopt hierarchical structure or network structure. The essential differences between the network structure and hierarchical structure of terrorism organizations mainly manifest in the degree of their command-and-control,the communication structure and the level of division of labor and specialization. The above differences not only reflect the closeness and openness of different terrorist organizations,but also could influence their existence and development.Comparing with the terrorism organizations which have network structure,these terrorism organizations posing hierarchical characteristics have stronger lethality and stricter discourse system. In the matter of the relationship with other extremism organizations,terrorism organizations with hierarchical structure usually are more closed,while terrorist organizations with network structure are easier to build connections with other terrorism organizations. This study not only contributes to grasping the inner operation mode and behavior of a terrorist organization,but also can provide intellectual supports for combating and dismantling terrorism organizations.

关 键 词：恐怖主义 组织结构 等级结构 网络结构 “伊斯兰国” 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]