聚丙烯腈热稳定化纤维在碳化过程中的结构变化研究  

Structure evolution of stabilized polyacrylonitrile fiber during carbonization

作　　者：刘仁虎[1,2] 王雪飞 张永刚 钱鑫 李德宏 丁鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学理学院化学系,上海200444 [2]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所碳纤维制备技术国家工程实验室,宁波315201

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2016年第4期9-13,18,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51503216);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ16E030003);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB605602)

摘　　要：为研究聚丙烯腈（ PAN）热稳定化纤维在连续碳化过程中的结构和力学性能变化，于300～1300℃对PAN稳定化纤维进行热处理，然后采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析仪、X射线衍射（XRD）仪、拉曼（ Raman）光谱仪、元素分析仪及纤维强伸仪等表征了纤维的化学结构、微晶结构及拉伸强度。结果表明：当温度达到600℃时，纤维残余氰基消失，结构致密性增大，且强度略有增加；当温度升高到1000℃时，纤维氧含量大幅降低，纤维由梯形结构转变为碳平面结构，晶面堆叠、晶粒尺寸及石墨化程度缓慢增加，拉伸强度逐渐提高；当温度超过1000℃后，微晶结构进一步重排与完善，晶粒尺寸及堆叠层数出现较快增长，同时纤维拉伸强度出现较大提升，体密度先降低后升高。The change of the structure and mechanical properties of stabilized polyacrylonitrile （ PAN） fiber was studied during the continuous carbonization .The stabilized PAN fiber was subjected to the thermal treatment at 300-1 300 ℃.The chemical structure, microcrystalline structure and tensile strength of the fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FTIR）, X-ray diffraction method （ XRD）, Raman spectrometry （ Raman）, elemental analysis and tensile test .The results showed that the residual cyano group disappeared in the fiber , the structure compactness of the fiber increased , and the strength slightly increased as the temperature reached 600 ℃;the oxygen content of the fiber considerbably decreased , the ladder struc-ture of the fiber transformed into carbon planar structure , the crystal face stacking occurred , the microcrystalline dimension and graphitization degree slowly increased and the tensile strength gradually increased while elevating the temperature to 1 000℃;the microcrystalline structure was further rearranged and perfected , the microcrystalline dimension and the stacking layers were rapid-ly increased , the tensile strength of the fiber was greatly increased , and the bulk density was decreased and then increased as the temperature exceeded 1 000 ℃.

关 键 词：聚丙烯腈纤维 热稳定化纤维 碳化 碳纤维 化学结构 微晶结构 

分 类 号：TQ342.742[化学工程—化纤工业]