蒙古口蘑担孢子萌发及初生菌丝生物学特性研究  

Study on Basidiospore Germination and Biological Characteristics of Primary Hypha in Tricholoma mongolicum

作　　者：刘晓婷[1] 郭九峰[1] 王淑妍[1] 李亚娇[1] 袁丽丽[1] 那日[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院,离子束生物工程自治区重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第16期136-141,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51267014)

摘　　要：以蒙古口蘑(Tricholoma mongolicum)为试材,采用光学显微镜观察担孢子及菌丝体形态的方法,研究了不同培养基对蒙古口蘑担孢子萌发及初生菌丝生长情况的影响。结果表明:蒙古口蘑担孢子呈肾形或椭圆形,大小约为(4~6)μm×(6~9)μm;担孢子在培养基上萌发出肉眼可见的微小菌落至少需要1周的时间;MS培养基中添加1.5g·L^(-1)酵母粉和1.5g·L^(-1)酸水解酪蛋白,对担孢子萌发有明显的促进作用;根据初生菌丝菌落生长速度和菌落形态等有关特征,发现有5种明显不同类型的初生菌丝,分别为菌丝绒毛型、菌丝贴生型、菌丝稀薄型、成簇生长型、缓慢生长型。另外,采用rDNA-ITS方法、PCR产物测序及NCBI-Blast比对,证明试验材料为蒙古口蘑。该试验提供了一种食用菌菌丝体直接PCR的方法,为进行有关食用菌DNA分子方面研究提供了便利;该研究结果可为蒙古口蘑担孢子交配型研究提供依据,为珍稀食用菌研究积累资料。Taking Tricholoma mongolicumas materials,the morphology of the basidiospores and mycelium were observed under optical microscope.Situations of basidiospores germination and primary hypha growth in different culture mediums were investigated.The results showed that,basidiospores of Tricholoma mongolicum were kidney-shaped or oval,（4-6）μm×（6-9）μm;it took a week at least when basidiospore could germinate and become macroscopic tiny colony.Adding 1.5g·L^（-1）yeast extract and 1.5g·L^（-1） caseein hydrolysate to the MS medium could promote the basidiospores germination.According to colony growth speed and morphology of primary hypha,we found that there were five distinct types in primary hypha：hypha tomentum type,hypha adhesion type,hyphae thin type,clusters growth type and tardiness growth type.In addition,it was identified which were Tricholoma mongolicum by rDNA-ITS sequence.This result provided a kind of method of PCR directly in mycelium of edible fungus,which simplify the research methods on edible fungus DNA molecules.The results provided the basis for mating type researches and accumulate biological knowledges for the research of edible fungus.

关 键 词：草原白蘑 生长发育 有性繁殖 单核菌丝 生物学习性 

分 类 号：S646.11[农业科学—蔬菜学]