土壤水分再分布特性研究进展  

Progress in research on soil water redistribution

作　　者：金世杰[1] 费良军[1] 傅渝亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2016年第3期251-259,264,共10页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479161;51279157);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203003-1)

摘　　要：在国内外学者多年研究工作的基础上,分别从物理角度和生物角度对土壤水分再分布的基本理论和模型进行了归纳总结.从物理角度分别以耕作措施、雨强、灌水方式、土壤初始含水率等因素对土壤水分再分布过程的影响进行了研究,并归纳了基于土壤水分特征曲线及其滞后作用、土壤水分运动通量法、土壤水分运动基本方程等的数学模型.从生物角度对土壤水分再分布的生态功能及影响因素进行了总结:研究发现土壤水分的再分布作用可以有效地调节根系层土壤水分状况、丰富群落结构,提升土壤养分、增加根层土壤微生物;植物根系在对根层水分进行调节的过程中又会因土壤水分、植物种类和土壤特性的不同而发生变化.通过对前人研究成果的总结,理清研究现状,以期为理论的进一步研究提出建设性意见.Soil water redistribution has significant effects on local ecosystem and agriculture in arid and semi-arid farmlands in the Loess Plateau. In a redistribution process, soil water moves in unsaturated soil under the potential gradient. The theories and models in soil water redistribution aehived in home and abroad from point of view of both physics and biology were reviewed and summarized. It is found out that the progress is mainly affected by cultivation measures, rainfall intensity, initial moisture con- tent and irrigation method from point of view of physics. The developed mathematical models based on soil water characteristic curve and its hysteresis, soil water flux method, and soil water motion equa- tions are clarified. It is also identified that the soil water redistribution can effectiyely regulate soil moisture condition in root layer and enrich community structure and improve soil nutrient; but the process can be influenced by soil moisture, species and soil properties. Through the review of past re- search in this field, we clarify the research present situation and also propose some constructive opi- nions for the further study of the theory.

关 键 词：土壤水分再分布 影响因素 基本理论 分布模型 根土界面 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]