阿富汗重建中的哈扎拉人研究  

A Study on Hazaras in the Process of Reconstruction of Afghanistan

作　　者：张燕军[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院资源环境与历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界民族》2016年第4期38-47,共10页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：作者主持的陕西省教育厅科研项目"民族国家构建与中东国家政治稳定研究"(项目号:14JK1787)的阶段性成果;咸阳师范学院"青蓝人才"专项基金(项目号:XSYQL201504)的资助

摘　　要：哈扎拉人是阿富汗第三大民族,具有蒙古血统,信奉伊斯兰教,属什叶派,由于在民族和宗教两个层面都属于少数族群,在近代以来的阿富汗历史上,哈扎拉人长期受到普什图人的压制,在2001年的阿富汗战争后,在新的权力分配格局、选举政治、来自外界支持等因素的作用下,哈扎拉人开始走向民族崛起之路,民族主义思潮也随之生长,这对阿富汗的民族关系和政治平衡造成了巨大影响。在未来,哈扎拉人的命运还面临着很多不确定因素,阿富汗安全局势的变化、民主制度退化的可能性、普什图人对这一现实的适应性以及阿富汗政府同塔利班达成和解的可能性都将给哈扎拉人的命运带来巨大挑战。为了使包括哈扎拉人在内的阿富汗所有族群都能共享和平,国际社会、阿富汗政府、普什图人、哈扎拉人及其他族群都需要付出共同努力。As the third largest ethnic and religious mimority group of Mongolian descent, Hazaras as Shia Islam have long been suppressed by the Pashtuns in the modern history of Afghanistan. After the 2001 war in Afghanistan, under the influences of new patterns of distribution of power, the electoral politics and external supports, Hazaras nationalism started to rise. Consequently, rebalance between ethnic relationships and politics in Afghanistan occurred. The fate of the Hazaras will face uncertainties in the future and will be greatly challenged by factors such as security situation, the possibility of degradation of democratic system, the adaptability of Pashtuns to this reality and the possibility of reaching reconciliation between Afghan government and the Taliban. For peace, International community, Government of Afghanistan, Pashtuns, Hazaras and other ethnic groups need to work together.

关 键 词：哈扎拉人 阿富汗 重建 普什图人 

分 类 号：D737.2[政治法律—政治学]