不同林下三七栽培技术研究  

Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen:Cultivation Techniques Under Different Forests

作　　者：龚舟[1] 罗先权[1] 彭静[1] 龚范武[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省森林植物园,长沙410116

出　　处：《农学学报》2016年第8期41-44,共4页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广项目"三七林下栽培技术示范与推广"([2016]XT003号);湖南省科技开发专项"珍贵中药材三七林下栽培关键技术研究与示范推广"(S2014F209021)

摘　　要：为了克服三七设施栽培成本高和栽培土地的"连作障碍",满足市场需求,节约生产成本,提高林地的利用率,增加林农收入,保护生态环境,笔者选择核桃林、杉木林、葡萄林和猕猴桃林4种林地,采用云南文山优质三七种苗,开展林下栽培的技术研究。结果表明:不同林地种植时,核桃林地栽培的三七的高生长、冠幅、成活率和3年生块茎重量均高于其他3种林地,杉木林地优于葡萄林地和猕猴桃林地,葡萄林地冠幅和成活率高于猕猴桃林地,而高生长和块茎重量低于猕猴桃林地。因核桃为阔叶落叶树种,故三七林下规模化栽培时,宜选择阔叶落叶林地;而且林地的郁闭度应在0.8左右,利用林下阴凉环境和丰富的落叶腐殖层,节约人工、遮阴、肥料等成本,符合三七的生态习性和生长发育规律,能提高产量,获得更好的经济效益。To reduce the high facility cultivation cost of Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen and overcome thecontinuous cropping obstacles of cultivated land,and to satisfy the market demand,save the production cost,improve the utilization rate of forest land,increase the income of forest farmers,protect the ecologicalenvironment,the authors used Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen seedlings with high quality in Wenshan Yunnan asthe materials to carry out cultivation technology research under 4 kinds of forests：walnut forest,China fir forest,grape forest,and kiwi fruit forest.The results showed that：height growth,crown diameter,survival rate and3-year-old tuber weight of Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen under walnut forest were higher than those under theother 3 kinds of forests,China fir forest was better than grape and kiwi fruit forests,the crown diameter andsurvival rate under grape forest were higher than that under kiwi fruit forest,while the height growth and tuberweight were lower than that under kiwi fruit forest.Therefore,we should choose broadleaf deciduous forest withcanopy density around 0.8 when we conduct scale cultivation of Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen under forest,takeadvantage of a cool environment and rich humus layer.This cultivation technology could save labor,shade,fertilizer and other costs,and accord with the ecological habit and the growth rule of Pana xnotoginseng F.H.Chen,thus to improve yield and obtain high economic benefit.

关 键 词：三七 连作障碍 林地 林下栽培 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]