早果、矮化、抗逆苹果砧木Y系的选育研究  

Breeding of Y Series Apple Stock with Early Fruiting,Dwarfing and Adverse Resistance

作　　者：杨廷桢[1] 高敬东[1] 王骞[1] 蔡华成[1] 李春燕[1] 弓桂花[1] 王淑婷[1] 王新平[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,太原030031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第22期68-75,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题"主要果树新品种选育"(2013BAD02B01-2);国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站建设(CARS-28);山西省重点实验室建设项目"果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室"(2015012001-12);山西省科技攻关项目"抗旱;抗寒苹果矮化砧木的选育"(20100311019-1);山西省农业科学院重点项目"苹果矮砧SH1标准化果园树体管理技术研究"(2013zd03)

摘　　要：为选育具有本土适应性的苹果矮化砧木,以中国原生的种质资源——野生晋西北山定子为试材,通过田间观察和综合评价,以其实生苗为自根砧嫁接苹果品种,以早花、早果为筛选指标进行初选,以连续开花和结果性能、耐旱性、抗寒性、接穗品种果实品质为主次顺序筛选指标,进一步逐级筛选,进行复选,以八棱海棠为自根砧,复选出的植株自根砧萌蘖苗为中间砧嫁接苹果品种,以矮化性、植株生长势、连续开花和结果性能、耐旱性、抗寒性、接穗品种果实品质为主次顺序筛选指标逐级筛选,进行决选。结果表明,以初选出的砧木群体(定名为Y系)作为自根砧的嫁接植株,早花早果特性和连续开花结果能力极为突出,矮化性状明显,抗寒、抗旱性较强;以决选出的4个优系为中间砧的嫁接植株,除具有Y系嫁接植株基本特性外,果实品质较好。Y系是具有较强的矮化、开花结果、抗寒、抗旱性能的苹果砧木群体,具有很大的苹果矮化砧木选育潜力;4个优系的矮化、开花结果、耐旱、抗寒性能较强,其中,Y-1(原名Y-B030)为矮化砧木,Y-2(原名Y-B094)为极矮化砧木,Y-3(原名Y-B007)为半矮化砧木,均已通过区试及品种审定。Malus baccata which originated in northwestern Shanxi was used as the experiment material forbreeding apple dwarfing stock which could adapt to local growing condition. By field investigation andsynthetic evaluation, the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata as rootstock were under primaryselection according to the performance of early blossoming and early fruiting, and were under secondaryselection according to the performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold anddrought and fruit quality of grafted cultivar; the plants grafted by Malus robusta as rootstock and the tillers fromthe rootstock of the secondary selection as interstock were under final selection according to dwarfing, growthvigor of grated plant, performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, resistance to cold and drought andfruit quality of grafted cultivar. The results showed that the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata from primary selection（named Y series） as rootstock had excellent performance of early flowering and earlyfruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold and drought; the plants grafted by 4 superior series from final selection asinterstock not only had the primary performance of the plants grafted by Y series as rootstock, but also hadbetter fruit quality. These indicated that Y series was an apple stock population which had outstandingperformance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, from which itwas most likely to breed more excellent apple dwarfing stock; 4 superior series had outstanding performance ofearly flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, among them, Y- 1（originalname： Y-B030） was a excellent apple dwarf stock, Y-2（original name： Y-B094） was a super-dwarf stock, Y-3（original name： Y-B007） was a semi-dwarf stock, which were all approved by the variety examine committee.

关 键 词：苹果 矮化砧木 Y系 选育 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]