黄河下游来水来沙对河槽形态与河型的塑造作用  

Effect of flow and sediment on shaping channel Geometry and river pattern of the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：费祥俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2016年第4期9-14,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAB02B02)

摘　　要：来水来沙对河槽形态与河型塑造是冲积河流河床演变研究的重要内容。利用黄河下游泥沙特性可将水流挟沙力转换成下游河道输沙平衡关系,进而推出河槽形态及河型与来水来沙的定量关系。结果表明是高含沙洪水塑造了下游上段纵坡较陡、断面宽浅、主流不稳定的游荡性河道。在当前水沙条件下,比降调整受河口限制,高含沙水流未能通过调大比降使淤积达到平衡,导致河床纵剖面平行抬高,是悬河发展的重要原因。Effect of flow and sediment on shaping channel geometry and river pattern is an important research topic in fluvial processes of alluvial rivers. Based on sediment properties of the Lower Yellow River,the sediment transport capacity can be transferred into equilibrium transport relation. Quantitative relations of channel geometry and channel pattern with water flow and sediment load can be deduced. Results indicated that it is the hyperconcentrated flow which shaped the braided channel with unstable main flow as well as the steeper slope,wide and shallow cross sections in the upper part of the lower Yellow River. Under the current flow and sediment conditions,the increase of channel slope through deposition caused by hyperconcentration flow cannot reach an equilibrium state because channel slope adjustment was affected by delta extension,which caused the parallel rising in longitudinal channel slope,and it is an important cause for formation of the perched river.

关 键 词：黄河下游 高含沙水流 断面调整 河槽形态 河型 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]