松花江中下游河相特性分析  

Analysis of hydraulic geometries in middle and lower reaches of Songhua River

作　　者：贾艳红[1] 王兆印[2] 范宝山 李艳富[4] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]中水东北公司科学研究院,长春130061 [4]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2016年第8期49-55,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51309102;51179089;51309154);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501028)

摘　　要：为分析松花江中下游的河相特性,收集整理了松花江中下游平原河段7个典型水文站1955—1987年实测流量、实测大断面、日均流量、日均悬移质输沙率等项水文资料,运用水位–流量关系分析得到了造床流量、造床水位、造床河宽,根据水位–流量关系、水位–面积关系与矩形堰流接近的性质,将天然过水断面概化成复式矩形水力当量断面,水力当量断面与天然过水断面相比,具有相同的水位–流量关系、水位–面积关系,具有相同的造床流量、造床河宽、造床水深。松花江中下游宽深比形式的河相关系表明B/H是水深的函数,B/H值的总体趋势是上游小、下游大,范围为3.26~9.12 m-0.5,介于长江与黄河之间。To analyze the hydraulic geometries of the middle and lower Songhua River, hydrological data were collected of measured discharge, measured cross section, daily average discharge, and daily average transport rate of suspended load at its seven typical hydrological stations for the period of 1955-1987. Correlation analysis between stage and discharge was used to obtain dominant discharge, dominant stage and dominant channel width, and the cross section of a natural river was generalized using a hydraulic equivalent, compound rectangular cross section and its similarity of stage-discharge relationship and stage-cross sectional area relationship to those of a rectangular weir flow. The results show that compared to the corresponding natural river, using the equivalent cross section in calculation can produce the same results of stage-discharge relationship, stage-cross sectional area relationship, dominant discharge, dominant width, and dominant depth. Our analysis on the hydraulic geometries of this river in terms of its ratio of width B to depth H demonstrates that √B/H is a function of stage, showing an overall trend of increasing from its upstream smaller to downstream larger values. All the values fall between 3.26 and 9.12 m^-0.5, a value range between those of the Yangtze and the Yellow.

关 键 词：河相关系 水位–流量关系 造床流量 水力当量断面 松花江中下游 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]