干旱区水氮耦合效应对棉花生长性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Cotton Growth Characteristics and Yield in Arid Area

作　　者：杨首乐[1] 邓忠[2] 翟国亮[2] 李迎[2] 宋志伟[1] 景明[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院,河南中牟451450 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/河南省节水农业重点实验室,河南新乡453002 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州453000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第24期103-108,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目"作物抗旱应急性技术配套小型装备与集雨配套机具研发"(201203031-03);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费项目"黄河下游耕作方式差异下冬小麦蒸发蒸腾模拟"(HKY-JBYW-2013-06)

摘　　要：旨在分析干旱区水氮耦合效应对膜下滴灌棉花的生长机制。采用灌溉定额和施氮量二因素完全随机试验,研究水氮耦合效应对棉花生长性状及产量的影响。结果表明:灌溉定额为3300 m3/hm^2时棉花苗期-蕾期天数增加,开花期-吐絮期天数缩短,地上部干物质积累量较低。灌溉定额为4500 m3/hm^2时随着施氮量的增加,棉花株高、地上部干物质积累量增加,但产量呈先增加后下降的趋势。不同的灌溉定额下,施氮量为150 kg/hm^2时,棉花蕾期-盛铃期天数最短,蕾铃脱落率较高,施氮量增加至375 kg/hm^2时,棉花株高、地上部干物质积累量较高,但叶面积指数、单株有效铃数和单铃重呈下降趋势。灌溉定额为3900 m3/hm^2施氮量为300 kg/hm^2时,棉花蕾期-盛铃期天数延长,优化了产量构成因素,产量达到最高为6992.33 kg/hm^2。The objective is to analyze the growth mechanism of water and nitrogen coupling on mulched-cottonby drip irrigation. A completely random design of irrigation and nitrogen application was conducted forstudying the coupling effects of water and nitrogen on cotton growth characteristics and yield. Results showedthat the seedling to budding duration days were prolonged when the irrigation quota was 3300 m3/hm^2, theflowering to boll opening duration days were shortened, and had lower above-ground dry matter accumulation.Cotton plant height, above- ground dry matter accumulation increased when the irrigation quota was4500 m3/hm^2, but the yield firstly increased then decreased with the nitrogen application rate increase. Theduration days from the bud to full-boll stage was the shortest and the boll shedding rate was higher underdifferent kinds of irrigation quota with the nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm^2. The plant height andabove-ground dry matter were highest when the nitrogen application rate increased to 375 kg/hm^2, but the leafarea index, available bolls per plant and single boll weight were declined. The duration days of the bud to full- boll stage increased when the irrigation quota was 3900 m3/hm^2 and the nitrogen application rate was300 kg/hm^2, which led to a lower boll shedding rate and optimized yield components, so the yield came to6992.33 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 棉花 生长性状 产量 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S562[农业科学—农艺学]