南极固定翼飞机航空气象保障业务述评  

A REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL WEATHER SERVICES FOR FIXED-WING AIRCRAFTS IN ANTARCTICA

作　　者：孙启振[1,2] 张林[1] 秦婷 孟上[1] 杨清华[1] 夏慧娟[1] 丁卓铭 张晓敏[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100086 [2]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [3]中国民用航空华东地区空中交通管理局,上海200335 [4]中国民用航空飞行学院,四川广汉618307

出　　处：《极地研究》2016年第3期400-412,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41206185;41376005);国家海洋局"南北极环境综合考察与评估"专项(CHINARE 2015-02-04)资助

摘　　要：中国已经开始利用固定翼飞机在南极开展科学考察和执行后勤保障任务,建立较完备的南极机场气象观测系统和航空气象预报保障系统并提供安全可靠的气象保障服务已迫在眉睫。在对国际上已开展的南极固定翼飞机航空及其气象保障业务现状调研的基础上,对影响南极固定翼飞机飞行的低云、低能见度、结冰、低空风切变等关键气象要素进行了论述。结合我国国内民用航空和空军航空气象保障的情况,讨论了在南极开展固定翼飞机航空气象保障所需的机场气象观测设备、数值天气预报资料和航空气象预报内容等问题。提出了对我国南极固定翼飞机航空气象保障工作的设想:根据极地天气气候特点,评估机场地理位置和当地历史天气事件及气候背景,建立较为完备的气象观测系统;参照民航气象预报内容,重点考虑中山站的机场预报、着陆预报和起飞预报,并加强关注可能对航空产生危险的下降风、吹雪、雪暴和低空风切变等天气现象。China has already started operating fixed-wing aircraft in Antarctica; thus,the establishment of a more comprehensive on-site meteorological observation system for Antarctic airport and aviation weather forecasting technology seems imminent. This study reviewed the status of operational fixed-wing aircraft in the Antarctic and the associated meteorological services that have been undertaken by the international community. The results showed that a number of severe weather phenomena,such as low clouds,low visibility,icing,and low-level wind shear,threaten Antarctic aviation. Based on the current weather forecasting services for China＇s domestic civil aviation and air force aviation,we discussed important issues regarding on-site meteorological observation equipment,numerical weather forecasting data,and aeronautical meteorological forecasting content for Antarctica fixed-wing aviation meteorological support. We believe that meteorological support for China＇s Antarctic fixed-wing aircraft should include： assessing the historical weather conditions at the airport location and the surrounding areas; establishing a more comprehensive meteorological observation system; focusing on the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast,as well as landing and takeoff forecasts at Zhongshan Station,by referring to the weather forecasting content for civil aviation; and paying great attention to katabatic wind,blowing snow,snow storms,low-level wind shear,and other severe weather phenomena that pose a threat to aviation.

关 键 词：南极 固定翼飞机 气象保障 

分 类 号：V321.21[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]