杂交鳢养殖围隔上覆水-泥水界面-沉积物离子垂直分布特征及其界面交换通量  

Vertical distribution of the ions in overlying and interstitial waters and their diffusion fluxes in intensive hybrid snakehead aquaculture enclosures

作　　者：魏南[1] 路斌[1,2] 余德光[1] 谢骏[1] 王广军[1] 陈成勋[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]天津农学院,天津300384

出　　处：《水产学报》2016年第8期1239-1248,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD25B04);广州市珠江科技新星专项(2014J2200088)~~

摘　　要：利用Peeper透析装置（dialysis peepers）的沉积物间隙水采集技术结合微量分光光度法,测定高密度杂交鳢养殖围隔中原位上覆水及沉积物间隙水中主要离子的浓度,分析各离子在上覆水–泥水界面–沉积物整个垂直剖面上的分布特征,并估算其在上覆水–沉积物界面处的扩散通量。结果显示,1NH4^＋-N、NO3^–-N、NO2^–-N、PO4^3–-P、SO4^2–-S和Fe2＋都具有较强的垂直分布规律。NH4^＋-N在沉积物0~18 cm中随深度增加而迅速增加,18 cm后相对稳定;NO2^–-N和PO43^–-P在沉积物表层2~4 cm出现峰值,而在上覆水和深层沉积物中都相对较低;NO3^–-N和SO4^2–-S在上覆水中远大于沉积物中浓度,并且进入沉积物4 cm内浓度迅速降低。2水样根据不同深度测定的理化性质,分别聚类为3组差异显著的类群：上覆水组、表层沉积物组（上覆水–沉积物界面组）和下层沉积物组。3通过Fick第一定律估算离子在上覆水—沉积物界面的扩散通量得出,NH4^＋-N、NO2^–-N、PO43^–-P和Fe^2＋为沉积物扩散至上覆水中;NO3^–-N和SO42^–-S为上覆水扩散至沉积物中。NH4^＋-N和SO4^2–-S在上覆水–沉积物界面具有相对较大扩散通量,其余离子则相对较小。NH4^＋-N在3个实验围隔中的扩散通量分别为76.432、111.631和209.835 mg/（m^2·d）,为主要的沉积物内源释放离子。Intact overlying water and interstitial water in sediments were collected by Peeper devices from intensive hybrid snakehead（Channa maculata♀×C. argus♂） aquaculture enclosures in Nansha District,Guangzhou. The concentration of NH4^＋-N, NO3^–-N, NO2^–-N, PO4^3–-P, SO4^2–-S and Fe2＋ were measured by miniaturised photometrical method using a microplate reader. All measured ions showed strong vertical distribution patterns, and the depth related samples were divided into three groups, overlying water group, surface layer sediment group（water-sediment interface group） and lower layer sediment group with distinct differences.Diffusion fluxes of the ions were calculated by the Fick＇s First Law. NH4^＋-N, NO2^–-N, PO4^3–-P and Fe2＋ were released from the sediment to overlying water, while NO3^–-N and SO4^2–-S in the overlying water were absorbed into the sediment. Among them, NH4^＋-N and SO4^2–-S have much higher exchange fluxes than the other ions relatively. And NH4^＋-N was the main endogenous pollution ions in the hybrid snakehead aquaculture enclosures with the diffusion fluxes of 76.432, 111.631 and 209.835 mg/（m^2·d） respectively.

关 键 词：杂交鳢 离子 垂直分布 间隙水 上覆水 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]