徐州地区麦田土壤和小麦籽实重金属污染特征分析  

Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils and Wheat Grains in Xuzhou Area

作　　者：强承魁[1] 秦越华[1] 丁永辉[1] 曹丹[1] 王锋[2] 张明[1] 韩波[1] 李微微[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州生物工程职业技术学院//徐州市现代农业生物技术重点实验室,江苏徐州221006 [2]徐州生物工程职业技术学院科研处,江苏徐州221006

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第6期1032-1038,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2015GA690053);徐州市推动科技创新专项资金项目(KC14SM101);江苏省农业三新工程项目[SXGC(2013)041]

摘　　要：农产品因重金属污染引发的质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。为了解徐州地区麦田土壤和小麦籽实重金属污染特征,测定了3个主栽区睢宁县梁集镇（SNLJ）、邳州市新河镇（PZXH）和沛县湖西农场（PXHX）麦田表层土壤及籽实中Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni和Cr的含量,采用Muller地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法分析了土壤重金属污染状况,并对籽实中重金属所致健康风险进行了评价。结果表明：仅PXHX土壤中Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr和PZXH土壤中Cd含量分别高于中国土壤元素背景值的1.18、1.42、1.61、1.72、1.20和1.20倍,但3个主栽区土壤中所测6种重金属元素的含量均低于《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618─1995）中二级标准值和《绿色食品产地环境质量》（NY/T391─2013）规定的限值;地累积指数评价仅见PXHX土壤中Zn存在轻度污染;3个主栽区土壤中6种重金属均为低生态风险程度（17.70≤RI≤41.93）,其生态风险顺序为Cd〉Ni〉Cu〉Cr〉Zn〉Pb,Cd的生态风险最高;仅见PXHX籽实中Pb和PZXH籽实中Cd含量分别超过食品安全国家标准限量值的1.1和1.2倍;3个主栽区籽实中化学致癌物Cr和PZXH籽实中Cd的个人年风险均超过ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平,非致癌物Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni的个人年风险均低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平,籽实所测重金属个人总年风险总超过ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平的11.68-39.80倍,可见所有主栽区籽实中的化学致癌重金属对食用人群具潜在风险,应引起重视。Quality and safety issues of agricultural products induced by heavy metals has become the social concern.To understand the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soils and wheat grains in Xuzhou area,the concentrations of 6 heavy metals including Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Ni and Cr in surface soils and wheat grains from 3 main plantation areas were determined.Muller＇s Geoaccumulation Index Mehod and Hakanson＇s Potential Ecological Risk Index Method were used to analyse the pollution status of heavy metals in soils.Futhermore,the health risks of each heavy metal in wheat grains were evaluated.The results showed that the concentration of Cd,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr in PXHX soils and Cd in PZXH soils were about 1.18,1.42,1.61,1.72,1.20,1.20 times of national background values of soil elements,respectively.But the concentrations of 6 heavy metals in soils from 3 main plantation areas were lower than the limit values of Environmental quality standard for soils（GB15618-1998） secondary standard and Green food-Environmental quality for production area（NY/T391-2013）.Slight pollution for only Zn in PXHX soils was found by geoaccumulation index.The potential ecological risk indexes（RI） of 6 heavy metals at all main plantation areas were between 17.70 and 41.93,and posed very low potential risks for these areas.And the risks of 6 heavy metals were in the following order：Cd Ni Cu Cr Zn Pb,Cd contributed the most to the total potential ecological risk.Only Pb concentration in PXHX wheat grains and Cd concentration in PZXH wheat grains were about 1.1 and 1.2 times of the limit values of National Food Safety Standard.The health risks of Cr in wheat grains from 3 main plantation areas and Cd in PZXH wheat grains to the individual person per year through ingestion were significantly higher than the maximum allowance level recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）.The health risk to the individual person per year caused by non-carciongens of Pb,Zn,Cu and Ni were lower than the level.The total hea

关 键 词：重金属 小麦籽实 土壤 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]