闪式真空热解(FVP)在有机合成中的应用  

Flash vacuum pyrolysis(FVP) method applied in organic synthesis

作　　者：徐飘扬[1] 张前炎[2] 谢素原[2] 高飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学化学与环境学院,福建漳州361000 [2]厦门大学化学化工学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《化学研究》2016年第4期523-536,共14页Chemical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21301143)

摘　　要：闪式真空热裂解(Flash vacuum pyrolysis,FVP)是一种反应底物在真空条件下蒸发或者升华后迅速通过较高温度的热管道发生热解反应的过程.该热裂解方法经常被运用于合成一些重要的非平面型芳香化合物,比如著名的心环烯C20H10(Corannulene),富勒烯C60等.主要针对FVP方法的发展历史、装置的基本构成、反应的基本历程以及该方法在有机合成中的实际应用等方面进行了系统的综述.相对于传统有机合成化学方法,FVP方法的优势在于可以提供更高的外界能量来帮助产物化学键的形成和更快速的冷却方式来帮助稳定反应所得到的产物,因此该方法不仅能高效、方便地合成得到一些常规有机合成方法不能轻易获得的目标化合物,还可以获得一些热力学极其不稳定的产物.当然,FVP方法也有其限制,比如对于一些在真空条件下难以挥发的化合物FVP方法就不适用了,另外,因为所有FVP反应都是在气相条件下完成,所以该方法主要适用于分子内的消除或环合反应,对于有机合成中普遍存在的双分子反应以及多分子反应也难以通过FVP方法来实现,但作为一类独特、实用的有机合成方法,FVP在有机合成中得到了较广的应用和不断地发展.FVP（Flash vacuum pyrolysis）is a pyrolysis reaction process occurred when reactant evaporated or sublimed under vacuum then rapidly passes through high temperature zone,which is often used to synthesize some important nonplanar aromatic compounds,such as the famous corannulene（C_（20）H_（10））,fullerene C_（60） and so on.This paper reviewed the development history of the FVP method,basic structure of FVP apparatus,reaction mechanism of FVP reaction and practical application in organic synthesis.Compared with the traditional organic synthesis,the advantage of the FVP method is that it can provide the higher external energy to help the formation of chemical bonds and a more rapid cooling way to help stabilize the resulting product.Therefore,FVP method can be employed synthesizing some thermodynamic unstable products,as well as some target compounds which are difficult to be obtained by the conventional organic synthesis method.On the other hand,the FVP method has its limitations,which is not applicable for some reactants to difficult volatilize under vacuum and ordinary bimolecular reactions and multi-molecular reactions inorganic synthesis,because FVP reaction processes in gas phase and intramolecular elimination reaction usually dominates.As a unique and practical organic synthetic method,FVP has been widely used and continuously developed in organic synthesis.

关 键 词：闪式真空热解 有机合成 气相合成 分子内反应 

分 类 号：O621.3[理学—有机化学]