中南阿拉斯加生态地理区划及生态演化研究  

Research of the ecological regions and biological changes in Southcentral Alaska

作　　者：大卫.卡尔.施耐德 戴长雷[2,3] 杨朝晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿拉斯加大学安克雷奇分校,阿拉斯加州安克雷奇99508 [2]黑龙江大学寒区地下水研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《黑龙江水利》2016年第8期30-35,44,共7页

基　　金：中科院寒旱所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(NO.SKLFSE201310);国家自然科学基金项目(NO.1202171)

摘　　要：生态区是由于水文因素、地质因素、生物因素、气候因素、人类因素而具有不同生态特征的区域。通过研究生态地理区划及其演化,有助于了解中南阿拉斯加的地形地貌特征。文章在梳理生态地理区划的基础上,对阿拉斯加中南部地区的生态区情况进行了分析。指出:中南阿拉斯加可分为6个生态区:库克湾生态区、科珀河(铜河)流域生态区、太平洋沿岸森林生态区、阿拉斯加山脉生态区、兰格尔山地生态区以及太平洋海岸山脉生态区。库克湾生态区植被丰茂,气候温暖。地貌从开阔的河流洪积平原变到泥炭地再变化到连绵起伏的丘陵。消退的冰川沉积形成许多小山丘;科珀河(铜河)流域生态区冬天气温比库克湾地区冷得多,夏季气温与库克湾地区相同,这里存在永久冻土;太平洋沿岸森林生态区空气中水汽丰富,气候十分温和。阿拉斯加山脉生态区内矗立着北美洲最高的山脉,绝大部分地区为大陆性气候,冬季寒冷,且除了海拔较高的地方以外夏季都很温暖。阿拉斯加山脉生态区降水相当多,特别是在面向库克湾的山坡地区;兰格尔山地生态区火山活动十分不活跃,森林出现在海拔最低的地方;太平洋沿岸山地生态区山地上有十分丰沛的降水,许多山地植物群落尚未发育完全。由于气候的变化、冰川的进退等因素的影响,阿拉斯加的地理景观和树种一直处于动态变化中。Ecological regions are defined as areas of distinct ecological character due to the interactions between hydrologic,geologic,biologic,climatic and human factors.Studying the ecological regions and biological changes in southcentral Alaska can help further understand its landscape views.This paper analyzes the ecological conditions on the basis of combingthe ecological regions in southcentral Alaska under the premise of knowledge.It points out：Southcentral Alaska has six distinct ecological regions：Cook Inter,the Copper River Basin,Pacific Coastal Forests,the Alaska Range,the Wrangell Mountains,and the Pacific Coastal Mountains.There are plentiful vegetation and moderate temperatures in the Cook Inter region.The landscape varies from broad river floodplains to peatlands to rolling hills.Retreating glaciers deposited many of these hills.The winter temperatures are much colder in Copper River Basin than in Cook Inter,but summer temperatures are about the same.This ecological region exists permafrost.The climate in Pacific Coastal Forests is extremely moderate and the moisture in the air is abundant.The Alaska Range region contains some of the highest mountains in North America.The climate is continental for the most part,meaning that it has cold winters and would have warm summers if not for the high elevation.A fair amount of precipitation is received here,particularly on the slopes facing Cook Inter.Volcanic activities are relatively inactive in the Wrangell Mountains and forests are present at the lowest elevations.The Pacific Coastal Mountains receive enormous amounts of precipitation.Many vegetation communities in the mountains are not yet fully developed.Due to the influence of such factors as the change of climate,glaciation and deglaciation,the landscape and tree species of Alaska is always changing.

关 键 词：生态区 植被 气候 降水 地理景观 中南阿拉斯加 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]