狄斯瓦螨和蜜蜂残翅病毒对蜜蜂健康的协同影响  

Synergistic effects of Varroa destructor and Deformed wing virus on honey bee health

作　　者：蔺哲广 秦瑶[1] 李利[1] 王帅[1] 郑火青[1] 胡福良[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2016年第7期775-784,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系专项(CARS-45);浙江省重大科技专项(2012C12906-19)

摘　　要：世界各地大范围的西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera蜂群损失现象已引起科学界和公众的持续关注。狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor和蜜蜂残翅病毒(Deformed wing virus,DWV)是西方蜜蜂群中最主要的两大生物威胁。尽管二者侵害蜜蜂均已有较长历史,但直至近十年来的研究才发现两者间的协同效应对蜂群健康的影响远超过其单独作用时所造成的危害:(1)蜜蜂残翅病毒可在狄斯瓦螨体内大量复制,继而进一步传播;(2)狄斯瓦螨的刺吸行为使病毒粒子跨越寄主的生理屏障而直接进入蜜蜂血淋巴;(3)狄斯瓦螨的寄生促使蜜蜂残翅病毒的高毒力毒株在蜂群中优势扩增和盛行;(4)狄斯瓦螨影响蜜蜂个体发育与免疫系统等生理机能,以致降低了蜂群对病毒的抵抗力;(5)蜜蜂残翅病毒对宿主造成的免疫抑制有利于狄斯瓦螨的寄生与繁殖。狄斯瓦螨、蜜蜂残翅病毒和西方蜜蜂间的关系已经成为昆虫外寄生物、病原体与寄主相互作用研究的一个典型模型。本文对近十年该领域的相关研究进行综述,以期为蜂群损失的原因调查以及昆虫寄生虫、病原微生物与寄主间关系的研究提供参考和借鉴。The elevated global colony losses of the Western honey bee,Apis mellifera,have drawn much attention in beekeeping and scientific communities. The ectoparasite Varroa destructor and Deformed wing virus（ DWV） are regarded as the two key biotic threats to colony health. Irrespective of the long-time existence in colonies,their synergistic impacts on honey bee health,which are far more severe than the harms caused by separate individuals,were not intensively studied until the recent decade. These synergistic effects include：（ 1） DWV replicates on V. destructor and transmits with the mites;（ 2） DWV can be directly transmitted into host hemolymph through mite feeding;（ 3） Highly virulent strains of DWV bias proliferation in A. mellifera populations with the co-occurrence of Varroa infestation;（ 4） V.destructor affects honey bee＇s immunity and development,resulting in the impairment of host defence to viruses;（ 5） DWV-induced immunosuppression in hosts favors mite feeding and reproduction. The complex relationships among V. destructor,DWV and A. mellifera have become a typical model in the study of parasite-pathogen-host interactions. By summarizing the relevant researches in this field over the last decade,we aim to provide insights for further studies on colony losses and parasite-pathogen-host interactions.

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 狄斯瓦螨 蜜蜂残翅病毒 协同效应 蜂群健康 寄生虫-病原-寄主相互作用 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]