河北平原农田土壤重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为的影响因素  

Geochemical behavior of heavy metals Pb and Hg in the farmland soil of Hebei plain

作　　者：蔡奎 段亚敏 栾文楼 李倩 马云超 

机构地区：[1]河北地质大学地质调查研究院,河北石家庄050031 [2]河北地质大学资源与环境工程研究所,河北石家庄050031 [3]河北地质大学研究生院,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《中国地质》2016年第4期1420-1428,共9页Geology in China

基　　金：河北省政府与中国地质调查局合作项目;河北省农业地质调查项目(200414200007)资助~~

摘　　要：土壤重金属元素地球化学行为是目前国内外研究的热点。研究显示重金属元素地球化学行为与土壤理化性质有密切关系。本文选择河北平原农田为研究区,采集了325个根系土样品,测定了Pb、Hg有效态含量,并探讨了影响其地球化学行为的主要因素。研究表明:(1)Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态与土壤p H值呈显著负相关关系,土壤酸化使Pb、Hg有效性增加,直接导致农作物中Pb、Hg含量增加,保持土壤p H值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围,防止土壤酸化,可以降低重金属危害。(2)土壤中有机质含量与Pb、Hg全量呈显著的正相关性,但与水溶态和离子交换态呈负相关。所以土壤中有机质的增加可以降低Pb、Hg元素水溶态和离子交换态含量。(3)随着土壤黏粒的增加,Pb、Hg水溶态和离子交换态含量降低,说明黏粒可以吸附一定量的重金属离子,与重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为存在一定关系。土壤p H值、有机质、黏粒是控制重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为的重要因素。The geochemical behavior of heavy metal elements in soil is a hot research topic. Studies show that the geochemicalbehavior of heavy metal elements is related not only to soil texture, but also to the physical and chemical properties of soil. In thispaper, the authors chose the farmland of Hebei plain as the study area, collected 325 soil samples, made effective state analysis of soil Pb, Hg heavy metals, and discussed the factors affecting the geochemical behavior of heavy metals. Some conclusions havebeen reached： （1） Pb, Hg water soluble ions and exchanged values show a significant negative correlation with soil pH values, andsoil acidification results in increase of Pb, Hg effective fraction, which leads directly to increase of Pb, Hg in the crops; and hencemaintaining soil pH in weak acid and weak alkaline range and preventing soil acidification and salinization can reduce the harm ofheavy metals. （2） The values of organic matter and Pb, Hg exhibit significant positive correlation in soil, the increase of the soilorganic matter can significantly reduce water soluble and exchangeable content of Pb, Hg elements. （3） With the increase of claysoil, Pb, Hg in water solution state and ion exchangeable state decrease, indicating that the clay can absorb a certain amount of heavymetal ions, and heavy metal elements Pb and Hg show certain relationship in geochemical behavior. The pH value, organic matter,and viscosity of soil seem to be important factors controlling the geochemical behavior of the heavy metals Pb, Hg.

关 键 词：河北 重金属 地球化学行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]