氮肥调控对土壤供氮特征及花生氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on soil nitrogen supplying characteristics and utilization efficiency of nitrogen in peanut

作　　者：郑永美[1] 冯昊[1] 吴正锋[1,2] 江荣风[2] 李安东 王旭芳[4] 王才斌[1] 石程仁 孙秀山[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]烟台市种子管理站,山东烟台264001 [4]招远市农业技术推广中心,山东招远265400

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第4期481-486,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题;青岛市应用基础研究(14-2-4-90-jch);山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(2014CXZ11-2;2014CXZ06-2);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CP022);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14)

摘　　要：为探明氮肥调控对土壤供氮特征及花生氮素吸收利用的影响,大田条件下,以不施氮肥为对照,研究了氮肥基施、基施加追施、速效氮缓释氮配施3种氮肥调控方式对土壤硝态氮含量、植株氮累积分布及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与不施氮相比,增施氮肥土壤0-60cm土层硝态氮含量显著增加;等氮量条件下,氮肥基施生育前期硝态氮含量高,成熟期低;而基施加追施和速效氮缓释氮配施两种处理,生育前期土壤硝态氮含量低,成熟期维持较高的水平。与氮肥基施相比,成熟期速效氮缓释氮配施处理中,氮向叶片中的分配比例显著降低,而在荚果中的分配比例呈增加趋势,荚果产量、氮农学效率和氮偏生产力显著提高。因此,速效氮控释氮配施处理可以维持花生生育后期耕层土壤的氮素供应,显著提高花生氮素利用率。To determinate the role of nitrogen fertilizer regulations on soil nitrogen supplying characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of peanut,three nitrogen fertilizer regulation including based fertilizer（ T2）,basal and topdressing fertilizer（ T3）,combining available and slow- release fertilizer（ T4） were conducted with no nitrogen application as control（ T1） in field. Results showed that,soil nitrate nitrogen content in 0- 60 cm soil layer significantly increased with application of nitrogen fertilizer. In N base fertilizer treatment,the content of nitrate in0- 60 cm soil layer was higher at early growth stage and lower at maturity stage of peanut than those of other treatments respectively. While soil nitrate content was low at early growth stage,but maintained a high level at maturity in T2 and T3 treatments. Especially in T3 treatment,the proportion of nitrogen to leaf decreased significantly and proportion of nitrogen to pod increased at maturity stage accordingly,the pod yield,nitrogen agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity for applied N（ PPF） were higher than those of T1 treatment. Therefore,application of combining available and slow- release nitrogen helped to maintain enough soil nitrogen supply at the late growthstage of peanut,and to improve nitrogen efficiency.

关 键 词：花生 氮调控 缓释氮 土壤供氮 氮累积 

分 类 号：S565.206[农业科学—作物学]