塔里木盆地荒漠胡杨林结构及种群格局分析  

Structure and Distribution Pattern of Desert P. euphratica Forest in Tarim Basin

作　　者：张绘芳[1] 王蕾[1] 朱雅丽[1] 地力夏提.包尔汉 丁程锋 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院现代林业研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2016年第4期53-58,共6页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：新疆林业厅新疆林业数表构建项目(新林计字[2014]835号)

摘　　要：在塔里木盆地主要荒漠胡杨林分布区设置5个调查样地进行实地调查,分析了调查区植物群落的物种组成、水平(密度)结构、垂直结构和胡杨种群的格局分布,旨在了解研究区荒漠林群落结构及胡杨种群的格局分布,为新疆荒漠林的管理和可持续经营提供依据。结果表明,研究区荒漠林物种组成有18种,乔灌层树种单一,主要是胡杨和柽柳,草本以甘草重要值最大,密度结构由塔里木河上游墨玉县至中游轮台县,胡杨的平均密度呈逐渐降低,灌木林(柽柳)密度在上游与胡杨密度的变化呈相反趋势,到中游柽柳丛密度增加,垂直结构简单而完整,均为乔—灌—草3层,但平均高度有明显差异,胡杨塔河上游高于中游,中游灌木柽柳高于上游,说明在受到水分条件制约的稀疏胡杨林下,更适合柽柳的生长。优势种群胡杨空间格局分布在巴楚县样地,呈随机分布,墨玉县、阿瓦提县、沙雅县和轮台县样地呈聚集分布,聚集强度由塔里木河上游墨玉县到中游轮台县聚集度逐渐加强,说明胡杨个体对生存环境(地下水)变化的适应,包括种内、种间竞争导致自疏、他疏和更新方式的适应。In the main area of tarim basin where desert forest is distributed,five sample plots are set up for field survey and plant community species composition,horizontal （density）structure,vertical structure and pattern of the distribution of P. euphratica pattern are analyzed in certain radioactive-polluted area. The study aims to understand the desert forest community structure in the study area and pattern of distribution of P. euphratica for Xinjiang desert forest sustainable management and provides the management basis. Results show that the desert forest species composition has 18 species in the study area,trees and shrubs layer is single species. There are mainly P. euphratica and tamarix. The important value of glycyrrhiza is maximum in herb layer. The density structure shows P. euphratica average density is gradually reduced,shrub density is in contrast to the density of P. euphratica in upstream,tamarisk plexus density increases from the upper reaches of the tarim river its to middle reaches. The vertical structure is simple and complete,three layers are trees,shrubs and herbs,but there is obvious difference between the average heights,P. euphratica is higher in the upstream than in the middle reaches,shrub tamarisk is higher in the upstream area than middle reaches,which shows that the growth of tamarisk is more suitable for the place of sparse desert forest restricted by water condition. The spatial pattern of P. euphratica distribution shows random distribution in Bachu,the spatial pattern is a clumped distribution in Moyu,Awati,Shaya and Luntai counties,gathering strength from tarim river upstream to middle luntai is gradually strengthen, which shows the individual adapts to the changes of living environment （groundwater）.

关 键 词：塔里木盆地 胡杨 结构特征 种群格局 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]