城市环境中毛白杨和油松叶片表面颗粒污染物的观察  

Observation of particulate pollutants retained on Populus tomentosa and Pinus tabulaeformis leaves in urban environment

作　　者：王慧[1] 刘庆倩 安海龙[1] 刘超[1] 郭惠红[1] 夏新莉[1] 尹伟伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林木育种国家工程实验室

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2016年第8期28-35,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201304301)

摘　　要：本文旨在观察北京地区不同环境中毛白杨和油松叶片表面颗粒污染物状况。选择毛白杨和油松分别代表阔叶乔木和针叶常绿树种。在2014年6、10月分别采集样品,利用环境扫描电镜和X-射线能谱仪对2个采样点2种树种叶表滞留的颗粒物进行了粒径与数量统计及来源解析。结果表明:PM2.5是毛白杨和油松叶表总颗粒物的主要成分,颗粒物主要滞留在毛白杨叶片的上表面和油松针叶的平面;在单位叶面积上,油松叶表面的颗粒物较毛白杨多;西直门样地叶表的PM2.5数量多于奥林匹克森林公园,10月份叶表滞留的颗粒物数量多于6月份。西直门样品除硅铝酸盐颗粒外还包括烟尘集合体和飞灰颗粒,且含有较多的S元素;与奥林匹克森林公园相比,PM2.5污染较重的西直门地区样品气孔较小、密度较大。This study aims to observe particulate pollutants retained on Populus tomentosa and Pinus tabulaeformis leaves in different environments of Beijing. Populus tomentosa. and Pinus tabulaeformis are representatives of broad-leaved and coniferous tree species,respectively. In this study,PM2. 5particles retained on the leaf surfaces of the two tree species at two sites were identified,counted,and analyzed by using an environmental scanning electron microscope（ ESEM） and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer（ EDS） in June and October,2014. The results showed that PM2. 5is the main component of total particulate matters and these particles were mostly retained on the adaxial surfaces of Populus tomentosa leaves and the flat surfaces of Pinus tabulaeformis leaves. More particles were intercepted by Pinus tabulaeformis than by Populus tomentosa in per unit of leaf area. The number of PM2. 5from Xizhimen samples was more than that from Olympic Forest Park samples,and more particles were retained on leaves in October than in June. The components of PM2. 5at Xizhimen mainly contained aluminosilicate particles,soot aggregates particles and fly ash particles. The sulfur content of PM2. 5from Xizhimen samples was higher than that from the Forest Park samples. The stomata of Xizhimen leaf samples are smaller but more than those of Olympic Forest park samples.

关 键 词：PM2.5 毛白杨 油松 气孔 环境扫描电镜 X-射线能谱分析 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]