中印人力资本竞争力的比较分析  

A Comparative Study on the Human Capital Competitive Power of China and India

作　　者：李文静[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院,上海200237

出　　处：《华东理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期30-39,65,共11页Journal of East China University of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金WE1323002的阶段性成果;上海市重点学科建设项目"社会学"(B501)资助

摘　　要：虽然印度GDP仅为中国的五分之一左右,但其GDP增速正在逐渐超越中国,人力资本在其中起到了关键作用,对比中印人力资本可以发现:(1)印度小学和大学入学率与中国非常接近,虽然教育质量与中国仍有一定差距,但由于人口年轻化,在数量上超越中国很快可以实现。这为印度产业工人和高端人才发展提供必要的储备力量。(2)印度中学入学率与中国差异仍较大,但在可预见的未来,这一差距必将缩小。(3)中国的产业工人和生产性服务业优于印度,应充分利用这一优势打造"中国制造"品牌。(4)印度限制劳动力自由流动的因素主要是土地制度和部门划分,中国则主要是户籍制度和行业、部门分割。中国应尽快打破分割,通过人力资本的动态调整优化人力资本配置。Comparing India＇s and China＇s human capital,we can get following conclusions：（1） The gross enrollment ratio of primary school and tertiary education of India is close to China. Although India＇s educational quality haven＇t caught up with China,India＇s graduate number will surpass China soon,which will provide the necessary reserves for the development of industrial workers and talents in India.（2）India＇s secondary school enrollment rate still has a large gap with China. But in the foreseeable future,the gap will be narrowed.（3） China＇s industrial workers and producer services are better than that in India. China should make full use of this advantage to create a＂made in China＂brand.（4）In India,the power restricting the free flow of labor are mainly the land system and sector division. In China the power are Hukou system and sector division. China should break the segmentation as soon as possible,optimizing the allocation of human capital through the dynamic adjustment.

关 键 词：人力资本 印度 中印 劳动力 教育 

分 类 号：F924.3[经济管理] F924.7