双氧水绝热分解特性的安全泄放研究  

On the thermal decomposition characteristics and the emergency release of H_2O_2 runaway reaction

作　　者：朱希增[1] 朱顺兵[1] 刘新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,江苏省危险化学品本质安全与控制技术重点实验室,南京210009

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第4期121-124,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：反应热失控是引起设备超压的重要因素之一,可靠的安全泄放装置是防止设备发生超压破坏的最有效方法。为了对双氧水储罐的泄放面积进行设计,利用泄放口尺寸测试装置VSP2(Vent Sizing Package 2)对封闭环境下质量分数为20%的H_2O_2进行测试,得到反应失控过程中的热力学参数,并依此推算出不同泄放压力下的安全泄放面积A。结果表明,在绝热条件下,20%H_2O_2的起始分解温度为70℃,比反应热为435.49 k J/kg,最大压力为6.26 MPa。双氧水反应体系的泄放类型为缓和混合体系,采用DIERS设计方法和OMEGA方法计算不同泄放压力下的泄放面积。安全泄放面积随泄放压力增加而增大。VSP2具有很低的热惯量,可为失控反应安全泄放设计提供基础数据,以提高设计的可靠性。This paper is aimed to make a simulated study on the way for designing a relief system of the hydrogen peroxide storage tank and test the thermal runaway behavior of 20% H_2O_2 by Vent Sizing Package 2（ VSP2） through measuring the thermo-kinetic parameters,such as temperature,pressure,temperature rise rate and pressure rise rate. As is known,the safety relief system for reducing the risk of runaway reactions can be used as one of the most cost-effective technical methods to measure the hydrogen peroxide（ H_2O_2） that has caused many severe runaway reaction incidents around the world resulting from the thermal instability and reactivity during its relatively weak oxygen oxygen bond.The low heat capacity of the cell（ 116 mL） can ensure that all the reaction heat released tends to remain within the test sample and the system under adiabatic conditions. Therefore,the results of the thermal experiment indicate that the exothermic onset temperature of the decomposition reaction of 20% H_2O_2 should be set up at 70 ℃ and the maximum self-heating rate（（ d T / dt）max） is14. 8 ℃ / min. At the same time,the maximum pressure increasing rate（（ dp / dt）max） has to be 1. 06 MPa/min,whereas its corrective heat of reaction tends to be 435. 49 kJ / kg with the maximum pressure being 6. 26 MPa under the adiabatic condition. In addition,the three reaction systems can be classified on the basis of what fluid can be used as the dominant contribution to the pressure rise according to the classification standard made by the Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems（ DIERS）. In accordance with the heating and cooling curve,it is possible to identify the reactive system as a tempered hybrid one,for the pressure reduced to the original state should be held between the vapor and the gassy systems. Meanwhile,the required releasing mass flow rate（ W） and the mass velocity（ G） can be worked out based on the DIERS method and OMEGA method,respectively. Thus,the relief area A（ A = W / G） should

关 键 词：安全工程 热稳定 反应失控 VSP2 H2O2 

分 类 号：X933[环境科学与工程—安全科学]