考虑质量流失的破碎岩体渗透试验系统研制及应用  

Development and application of broken rocks seepage testing system in regard to the mass loss

作　　者：姚邦华 徐向宇 马庆庆 陈占清[3] 浦海[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,河南焦作454000 [2]煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南焦作454000 [3]中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第4期149-154,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51304072);国家优秀青年科学基金项目(51322401);煤炭联合基金项目(U1261201);河南省基础与前沿技术研究计划项目(142300413211;142300413233);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(15A440010)

摘　　要：随着煤矿开采向深部延伸,陷落柱、断层等含破碎岩体地质构造突水成为威胁煤矿安全生产的重大灾害之一。近年来虽有学者从破碎岩体流固耦合动力失稳的角度研究地质构造突水机理,但没有考虑质量流失对破碎岩体渗透特性的影响。展示了自主研制的一套可实现质量流失的破碎岩体渗透试验系统,包括加载系统、数据采集系统、水压供给系统及特制渗透仪装置,并利用该渗透试验系统,通过改变破碎岩体的配比、应力状态等条件,计算并分析充填物质量流失率、渗透率、流量等参数的变化规律,初步研究了破碎岩体的变质量渗透特性。结果表明:1)自主研制的破碎岩体变质量流固耦合试验系统通过渗透仪蜂窝状的活塞、带有缺口的溢水筒等的独特设计,实现了渗流作用下充填物颗粒的自由迁移,具有较好的开放性。2)质量流失条件下破碎岩体的渗透性变化可分为3个阶段,即初始渗流阶段、渗流突变阶段和渗流稳定阶段。在初始渗流阶段,破碎岩体渗透率缓慢变化,孔隙率逐渐增大;在渗流突变阶段,渗透率在极短时间内增大数倍甚至几十倍,孔隙率快速增大;在渗流稳定阶段,渗透率和孔隙率随时间基本保持不变。3)随渗透时间增加,破碎岩体充填物颗粒不断迁移流失,渗透性不断增强并最终发生渗流突变,这表明充填物颗粒迁移流失是引起破碎岩体渗流突变的重要原因。The present paper is aimed to introduce a seepage system which is in a position to imitate solid particles migration,including the permeameters,the corresponding loading systems,the data collection system and the water pressure supply system. The system we have developed is intended for exploring the seepage characteristic features of the broken rocks in the mining process.As we know,water seepage and outburst tend to cause geological disasters in the mining,such as the karst collapse columns and faults water inrush,particularly in deep mining process. In recent years,though some research articles can be seen in recent years in this area,little has been done on the study of the geological outbursts from the aspect of solid-fluid system instability for the broken rocks. In this paper,we would like to present the parameters we have gained in regard to the seepage features of such rocks in the mining process,such as the filling material mass loss ratio,the permeability and the fluid volume with the time going on under the different kinds of rock and the filling material ratio,as well as the different stress consequences. The research results of our exploration indicate that：（ 1） Our self-developed seepage system can help to realize the solid particle migration under the impact of the fluid-solid coupling for broken rocks due to the special layout of the overflow cylinder and the piston with holes;（ 2）It would be possible to classify the seepage migration features of the broken rocks into three stages,namely,the initial stage,the mutation stage and the stability stage. It has been found that,for the first stage,the permeability and the porosity of the broken rock mass tends to increase gradually,whereas in the mutation stage,the permeability tends to grow number of times or even hundreds transiently with the quick increase of porosity. On the other hand,in the steady stage,the broken rock mass tends to keep on with the constant permeability and porosity basically with the time going on;（ 3） The seepage

关 键 词：安全工程 破碎岩体 质量流失 流固耦合 渗透试验系统 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]