X射线吸收谱学在锕系环境放射化学中的应用  

Application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the study of environmental radiochemistry of actinides

作　　者：李子杰[1] 袁立永[1] 王聪芝 王琳[1] 柴之芳[1,2] 石伟群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所核能放射化学实验室,北京100049 [2]苏州大学放射医学及交叉学科研究院,苏州215123

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2016年第8期768-783,共16页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:91426302,91326202,11575213);中国科学院核能先导专项(编号:XDA030104)资助项目

摘　　要：锕系环境放射化学对于核废料尤其是高放废物的安全处理和处置至关重要,同步辐射技术尤其是X射线吸收谱学在解析锕系元素在不同介质表面的配位结构方面可以发挥关键作用,对于理解锕系元素在环境介质中的迁移转化行为意义重大.本文综述了近年来国内外利用X射线吸收谱学研究锕系元素环境化学方面的最新进展,主要包括锕系核素在不同地质条件下的迁移和转化以及微生物对核素迁移的影响等方面.Environmental radiochemistry of actinides is extremely important as for safety issues related with nuclear waste disposal. Synchrotron radiation based techniques, especially X-ray absorption spectrometry（XAS）, can provide information on coordination structures of surface-adsorbed actinides on various oxides and minerals, which are helpful for understanding the migration behaviors and bioavailabilities of these radioactive elements. Recent progresses of environmental radiochemistry of actinides by means of XAS are therefore reviewed here, with emphasis on migration and transformation of actinides in different geological environment and biomass effects on environmental fate of actinides.

关 键 词：锕系元素 矿物质 微生物 同步辐射 X射线吸收谱学 

分 类 号：O615[理学—无机化学]