树脂纽扣废物的焚烧污染特征  

Characteristic pollutions during incineration of waste resin buttons

作　　者：王思佳[1] 何品晶[1,2] 邵立明[1,2] 章骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学固体废物处理与资源化研究所,上海200092 [2]住房和城乡建设部农村生活垃圾处理技术研究与培训中心,上海200092

出　　处：《化工学报》2016年第9期4004-4012,共9页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21577102);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB201504)~~

摘　　要：有机树脂纽扣废物是一种典型的危险废物,且通常会加入含重金属和氯元素的颜料。将产生广泛的脲醛树脂和不饱和树脂纽扣废物作为对象,研究其焚烧处理过程中的特征分解温度、气相污染物及重金属分布规律,旨在为其污染控制提供科学依据。结果表明,脲醛树脂纽扣废物的热分解温度范围为240~600℃,特征性的气相污染物为NO;不饱和树脂纽扣废物的热分解温度在180~600℃,特征性气相产物为CO_2、H_2O、CO、CHn、R-OH、R -CHO和R-COOH,这些物质与原料中的氯元素为二英类物质的形成提供了条件。具有装饰功能的树脂纽扣中Pb、Zn、Cu、Bi和Ti含量较高,主要来自含铅[PbCO_3和Pb（OH）_2]珠光浆和氯氧化铋（BiOCl）珠光浆等颜料,基于这些金属在焚烧过程中的分配特征,应重点控制Pb和Bi释放。Urea-formaldehyde resin（UFR） and unsaturated polyester resin（UPR） are the most widely used raw materials in the manufacturing of buttons, in which pigments containing heavy metals and chlorine are often added. As one kind of typical hazardous waste, non-biodegradable resin button waste is more suitable to be treated by incineration. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） coupled with differential scanning calorimeter, TGA coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and lab-scale tube furnace experiments were carried out with UFR and UPR button wastes to investigate the characteristic decomposition temperatures, the potential gaseous pollutions and the distribution of heavy metals in the process of incineration, which could provide scientific basis for the technology optimization and pollution control. The results showed that UFR button waste decomposed at 240—600℃ with gaseous NO generation, and UPR waste decomposed at 180—600℃, producing CO_2, H_2O, CO, CHn, R-OH, R-CHO and R-COOH. The existence of chlorine in the resin button waste and the formation of these organic compounds can promote the formation of dioxin and other chlorinated aromatic compounds. The contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi and Ti in the resin button wastes were relatively high because of the addition of pigments like PbCO_3, Pb（OH）_2 and BiOCl, etc. Based on their migration behavior during incineration, Pb and Bi should be made great concerns for pollution control.

关 键 词：脲醛树脂纽扣废物 不饱和树脂纽扣废物 焚烧处理 热重红外 重金属 化学分析 环境 废物处理 

分 类 号：X783.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]