西安市一次严重霾污染天气特征及气象条件分析  

ANALYSIS ON METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A SEVERE HAZE POLLUTION IN XI'AN,CHINA

作　　者：梁俊宁 高敏 王珊 

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境科学研究院,西安710061 [2]陕西省污染减排工程技术研究中心,西安710061 [3]西安市气象局,西安710016

出　　处：《环境工程》2016年第8期104-109,共6页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2012KTZB03-01)

摘　　要：为了解西安市气象条件对霾污染天气的影响,利用西安市13个测点PM2.5逐时监测资料和气温（T）、风向（WD）、风速（WS）、相对湿度（RH）、气压（p）以及能见度（VIS）等地面气象观测数据,对西安市2013年12月16—26日发生的一次严重霾污染过程进行分析。结果表明：此次霾污染过程中,西安市PM2.5日均值浓度最高达744μg/m^3,超过国家二级标准近10倍,能见度最低降至0.42 km,重霾污染期间PM2.5/PM10在64%-80%。分析认为高相对湿度、低风速和主导风向不明显以及大气层结稳定是造成本次霾污染天气的主要气象因素,其中大气能见度与风速和大气压呈正相关,其相关系数（r）分别为0.3162、0.3479,能见度与温度的相关系数r=0.0825,呈微弱正相关,能见度和相对湿度的相关系数r=-0.7465,呈显著负相关。细颗粒物对能见度的影响非常明显,二者之间的相关系数为-0.7290,细颗粒污的消光系数最高达9.2 km-1。In order to understand the effect of weather conditions on the haze pollution in Xi ＇an. We used the hourly monitoring data of 13 stations and meteorological observation data such as temperature（ T）,wind speed（ WS）,wind direction（ WD）,relative humidity（ RH）,pressure（ P） and visibility（ VIS）,to analyze the meteorological condition of a severe haze pollution which happened in Dec 16 th - 26 th,2013 in Xi＇an. The results showed that daily mean concentrations of PM2. 5reached 744 μg / m^3,nearly 10 times more than national standard value,and the minimum visibility dropped to 0. 42 km.During the heavy haze pollution,the proportion of PM2. 5 of PM10 was between 64% and 80%. High relative humidity,low wind speed,no dominant wind direction,and stable atmosphere were the main meteorological factors of this sever haze pollution. The correlation coefficient between VIS and WS,P was 0. 3162 and 0. 3479,respectively,which showed significant positive correlation; while the correlation coefficient of VIS and T was only 0. 0825,indicated weak positive correlation. The relationship between VIS and RH showed significant negative correlation,and the correlation coefficient was- 0. 7465.According to the calculation results,the effect of fine particles on the visibility was very obvious,and the correlation coefficient was- 0. 7290. The highest extinction coefficient of fine particulate was 9. 2 km- 1in this haze process.

关 键 词：霾 细颗粒物 气象条件 相关系数 消光系数 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]