我国沿海棱鳀属鱼类的物种鉴定与系统发育  

Species identification and phylogenetic relationship of Thryssa species in the coastal waters of China

作　　者：张静[1,2] 李渊[3] 宋娜[1] 林龙山[3] 高天翔[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]集美大学水产学院,福建厦门361021 [3]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物与生态实验室,福建厦门361005 [4]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2016年第8期888-895,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303048);全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr,GASI-02-SCS-YSWaut);国家海洋局海洋国际合作及履约项目(2200207)

摘　　要：利用DNA条形码技术对中国沿海分布的6种棱鳀属(Thryssa)鱼类样品进行了物种鉴定,并每种取5尾用于探讨该属系统发育关系。结果显示:棱鳀属鱼类的主要形态鉴别特征为上颌骨伸达位置和第一鳃耙的下鳃耙数量。在525 bp的目的片段上有175个变异位点,其中简约信息位点172个,单一信息位点3个,无插入缺失现象,转换数为182,颠换数为57。A+T含量明显高于G+C含量,并且表现出明显的反G偏倚。结合Gen Bank中相关的同源序列进行比较发现,所有序列明显分为10个组群,表明已提交的棱鳀属鱼类COI基因序列中仍存在一定的问题。从各组群间的遗传距离和氨基酸遗传差异水平可以看出,10个组群应为不同的有效种,但是否存在隐存种还有待于进一步确定。从NJ树上可以看出,长颌棱鳀(T.setirostris)是最先分化出的物种,保持着最原始的特征,而中颌棱鳀(T.mystax)与黄吻棱鳀(T.vitrirostris)聚类到一起,二者间存在共享单倍型。棱鳀属鱼类最早分化于中新世早期。在今后的研究中仍需要结合更多的分子标记对中颌棱鳀和黄吻棱鳀的分类地位作进一步的探讨。Six Thryssa species were collected from Chinese coastal waters for morphological description and phylogenetic relationships analysis. Results indicated that the position of maxillary extend and number of lower gill rake in the first gill rake were the main morphological characteristics for the identification of six Thryssa species. Mitochondrial COI gene fragments were amplified and sequenced for thirty individuals of Thryssa species. A 525 bp sequence was obtained, containing 175 variable sites, which determines 172 parsimony informative sites, 3 singleton sites, no indels/deletions, 182 transitions, and 57 transversions. An obvious anti-G biasness was noted from the base composition of A and T higher than that of G and C. Comparing homologous sequences from Gen Bank with our study validates that there are variations among Thryssa species based on the COI sequence. Moreover ten absolute groups were also identified in all sequences based on genetic differences in amino acids and genetic distances between groups. However, this requires further investigation to determine whether there are uncovered cryptic species. The NJ tree indicated that T. setirostris was the first species derived from the genus, and sequences of T. mystax were disorderly clustered with that of T. vitrirostris. The divergence date of Thryssa species presented here is early Miocene. It is suggested that more molecular markers be needed to clarify variations in T. mystax and T. vitrirostris in the future.

关 键 词：棱鳀属 系统发育关系 DNA条形码 遗传距离 形态学 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]