明末至晚清译者的构成变化及其缘由探源  

The Make-up and Developments of Translators from Late Ming Dynasty to Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吕敏[1] 贺爱军[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学外国语学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2016年第4期101-107,共7页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"翻译地理学视域下的浙籍译家研究"(项目编号:12CYY004);宁波市领军和拔尖人才工程项目"翻译家研究"系列成果

摘　　要：本文梳理了明末至晚清在华译者的构成变化,发现在这一历史时段在华译者构成呈现出从"中少西多"到"中多西少"的动态分布规律。这一变化产生的原因可以归结为:(1)明末时期西方文化对我国并未形成冲击,中国对译者的需求相对较少;(2)自古以来的"夷夏"思想和统治者对译者的猜疑导致我国译者地位低下;(3)当时来华传教士大多实行"科技传教"的策略,以翻译为手段和媒介进行传教,从而充当了译者的角色,构成了明末时期的译者主体。然而时至晚清,译者地位提升,传教士的角色发生了转变,同时中国政府在翻译人才培养上实行了各种有效措施,使得学习西方、培养本土译者成为一种必然趋势,因此,中方译者数量大幅增加。This paper sorts out the regularities of the dynamic distribution of the translators in China from the late Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, and finds that the amount of western translators is more than that of Chinese translators in the late Ming Dynasty while the ranking order is just opposite in the late Qing Dynasty. The factors causing this transition are summarized as follows. Firstly, western culture didn＇t exert an impact on China in the late Ming Dynasty, so the demand for the translators was relatively small at that time. Secondly, the conventional view of ＂Foreigners are Barbarians＂ and government＇ s suspicion on foreign translators made translators＇ status extremely low. Thirdly, with the aim of ＂spreading Christi- anity through translating science and technology materials＂, foreign missionaries acted as translators at that time. Therefore, the western translators outnumbered Chinese translators in the late Ming Dynasty. But in the late Qing Dynasty, with translator＇ status enhanced, the role of missionary changed, and the measures on cultivating translators on the part of Chinese government implemented, learning western cul- ture and cultivating domestic translators became inevitable. Right in this context, the amount of Chinese translators increased significantly.

关 键 词：译者的动态分布 本土译者 外国传教士译者 社会文化缘由 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]