昭通苗族语言文字述略  

A Brief Introduction to the Spoken and Writing Languages of Miao Nationality in Zhaotong

作　　者：傅奠基[1] 李晓刚[1] 刘燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]昭通学院管理学院,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《昭通学院学报》2016年第4期62-70,共9页Journal of Zhaotong University

摘　　要：昭通苗族所操语言主要是滇东北与川黔滇两个次方言。由于长期与汉、彝民族杂居,昭通苗语中夹杂着大量汉语和部分彝语借词。三大方言苗族都传说古时曾有文字,但均失传了。20世纪初,英国传教士柏格里到昭通传教,在石门坎研制了一种俗称"老苗文"的文字。1956年国家为三大方言区苗族创制文字时,对"老苗文"进行了改革,称滇东北苗文。改革开放后,一种创制于20世纪50年代初期的老挝拉丁字母苗文,传入川黔滇次方言苗语区。目前,昭通两个次方言的苗族面临着多种苗文的竞争与选择。The using language of Miao nationality in Zhaotong generally belongs to the two sub-dialects in the north- east Yunnan, and in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Due to the long-term inhabitation with Han and Yi nationalities, the language of Miao nationality in Zhaotong has mingled with a lot of loanwords from Han and Yi languages. It is said that the three main Miao dialects had their own language in ancient times but failed to be handed down from past generations. In the early 20th century, the British missionary Samuel Pollard did missionary work in Zhaotong, and developed a kind of written language commonly known as ＂Old Miao Language＂ in Shimenkan. In 1956, the government created a lan- guage for Miao nationality in the zone of three main dialects, and revised the ＂Old Miao Language＂ called Miao language in the northeast Yunnan. After the reform and opening up in 1978, a Miao language in Laotian Latin alphabet created in the early 1950s was introduced into Miao＇s sub-dialect area in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. Now, the Miao nationality in the two sub-dialect area of Zhaotong is confronted with the choices among the various competitive Miao lan- guages.

关 键 词：昭通苗族 川黔滇次方言 滇东北次方言 老苗文 新苗文 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]