中山湿性常绿阔叶林植物多样性与土壤养分特征研究  

Study on the Diversity and Soil Nutrients of Middle Mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaf Forest

作　　者：李淑英[1] 张翠萍[1] 王蓓[2] 张宏雨[3] 史云东[1] 卢国理[1] 周元清[1] 

机构地区：[1]玉溪师范学院污染控制与生态修复研究中心,云南玉溪653100 [2]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,云南昆明650091 [3]云南省哀牢山国家级自然保护区新平管理局,云南新平653400

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期582-590,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460144);云南省教育厅重点项目(2014Z148)

摘　　要：云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区保存着世界上面积最大的原始中山湿性常绿阔叶林,生物物种丰富,是生物多样性保护的热点区域。本研究采用样地调查法对哀牢山东坡中山湿性常绿阔叶林的土壤性质及植被群落结构进行了调查和分析,结果表明:主要植被类型为露珠杜鹃(Rhododendron irroratum)群落,硬斗石栎(Lithocarpus hancei)群落和云南铁杉(Tsuga dumosa)群落;植被监测样方内共有植物55科78属107种,其中蕨类植物10科11属14种,裸子植物2科3属3种,单子叶植物6科9属11种,双子叶植物37科55属79种;中国野生保护植物有云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis)、水青树(Tetracentron sinense)和大花八角(Illicium macranthum);经过Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的分析,物种丰富度表现为灌木—层间层>乔木层>草本层,而物种多样性比较均匀;样地土壤呈酸性,表层土透气性好,含水率高,有机质含量丰富,孕育了丰富多样的物种。本研究将为哀牢山国家级自然保护区生态系统恢复和生物多样性保护提供基础数据和科学依据。Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, as the largest of the original middle mountain moist evergreen broadleaf forest in the world, is rich in resources of wildlife. It has become a hot area of biological diversity protection. We studied soil properties and plant community in the east slope of Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, based on the investigation method of sample plot. The results showed that the major communities in the forests can be classified as Rhododendron irroratum, Lithocarpus hancei and Tsuga dumosa community. There are 55 families, 78 genera and 107 species of plants in the sampling plots, including 10 families 11 genera 14 species of fern, 2 families 3 genera 3 species of gymnosperm, 6 families 9 genera and 11 species of monocotyledons, 37 families 55 genera and 79 species of dicotyledons. Taxus yunnanensis, Illicium macranthum, Tetracentron sinense belong to wild protected plants of China. Through analysis of Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species richness showed that shrub inter-layer 〉 tree layer 〉 herb layer, and species diversity was more uniform. The soil was acidic and gave birth to the rich diversity of species due to good air permeability, high water content, and rich organic matter content. This study will provide the basic data and scientific basis on ecological system restoration and biodiversity conservation for Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：中山湿性常绿阔叶林 植物多样性 土壤肥力 哀牢山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]