对我国液体生物能源产业化的反思  

Rethinking China′s Liquid Biofuel Industry Development Strategy

作　　者：程序[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中外能源》2016年第8期23-31,共9页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：＂十一五＂和＂十二五＂的10年间,我国生物能源产业发展不尽人意,规划指标完成度低,除了政策方面的原因,发展战略、认识和技术路线不当也是重要影响因素。近年来纤维素乙醇一直被作为我国生物能源的＂制高点＂,但不论国内国外,纤维素乙醇的开发均遭遇＂瓶颈＂。国际上液态生物燃料的研发重点已转向采用热化学法生产烃类生物燃油,且已取得若干重大突破。热化学转化法生产的烃类生物燃料全生命周期的CO_2排放量可比化石燃油减少50%~90%,同时几乎可以使用任何含木质纤维素的生物质,原料渠道极大拓宽。建议我国将研发重点转移至木质纤维素热化学转化为以生物合成柴油为主的烃类燃油上,并在政策层面上给予大力扶持。已上马和将要上马的＂煤制油/气＂项目,应及时将技术路线调整为＂煤＋生物质制油＂。生物能源企业宜取合成能源-合成材料并举的经营方针。木质纤维素类生物质热化学途径的开拓,促使重新评估我国生物能源的资源潜力,当前那种片面强调＂碳汇＂和只注重生态效益,回避经济效益的造/营林方针是否还要坚持下去,值得商榷。可利用相当于耕地面积的边际土地种植能源林、灌、草,从而为生物能源提供雄厚的原料基础。China ′ s biomass energy development has been less dissatisfactory during the decade between the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period,with a low rate of objective achievement.In addition to the policy factor,development strategy and improper knowledge and technical route are also important contributing factors.Cellulosic ethanol has long been the focus of biomass energy development in China although development of this energy source has met with bottlenecks both within and outside of China.The international focus of liquid biofuel research and development has shifted to production of hydrocarbon biofuels based on a thermochemical method and significant progress has been made.Hydrocarbon biofuels pro-duced using a thermochemical method emit 50%-90% less CO_2 during their full life cycles than fossil fuels and almost any type of biomass containing lignocellulose can be used as raw material,meaning dramatically higher feedstock availability.This article suggests shifting the focus of Chinese research and development to thermochemical conversion of lignocellulose to make hydrocarbon fuels,typified by synthetic bio diesel fuel and calls for a strong policy support from the government.For those coal-to-oil/gas projects that have re-ceived or will receive regulatory approval,the technical route should be changed to ＂coal ＋ biomass fuels＂.A biomass energy company should pursue a business mode integrating synthetic energy and synthetic materials.The development of lignocellulose biomass thermochemical routes entails a re-assessment of China ′ s biomass energy resources and it is worth discussing whether China should continue its forest planting,culture and management guideline which gives too much emphasis to carbon sequestration,only focuses on ecological benefits and neglects economic benefits.The country should use marginal land,the area of which is basically equivalent to agricultural acreage,to plant energy forest,shrub and grass to provide raw materials for biomass energy pr

关 键 词：纤维素乙醇 热化学转化 烃类生物燃油 木质纤维素 合成材料 造/营林方针 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]