施用有机肥对蔬菜生长和土壤磷素累积的影响  

Effects of Application Manure on Olsen-P Accumulation and Distribution in Soil Profile and the Yield of Vegetable

作　　者：许俊香[1] 邹国元[1] 孙钦平[1] 刘本生[1] 李钰飞[1] 李吉进[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第9期1824-1832,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303089-2);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201413);北京市科技计划项目(D161100005516003)

摘　　要：为了明确长期施用有机肥对蔬菜生长、土壤速效磷累积淋溶规律的影响,以番茄、结球甘蓝和芹菜为研究对象,于2011年开始进行田间小区轮作栽培试验,设置不施肥(CK)、肥料用量52.5 t·km^(-2)(CM1)、肥料用量105 t·km-2(CM2)、肥料用量210 t·km^(-2)(CM3)4个处理,对蔬菜产量、土壤剖面速效磷累积和分布进行监测和分析。结果表明,随施肥量增加,蔬菜增产不明显,植株磷素吸收量呈增加趋势。随土层深度增加,土壤速效磷含量下降,二者呈显著负相关。表土层(0~30 cm)和心土层(30~60cm),土壤速效磷含量表现为:CM3>CM2>CM1>CK;60~90 cm土层,土壤速效磷整体不高。0~90cm土壤剖面速效磷累积量随有机肥用量增加呈直线和指数形式增加,肥料投入量的"双速率转折点"为100.4~118.5 t·hm^(-2)。随种植年限延长,30~60 cm土壤速效磷含量呈直线形式增加,且随施肥量增加,土壤速效磷淋溶速率加快;60~90 cm土壤速效磷表现出与30~60 cm土壤类似的规律。因此,加强有机肥在蔬菜生产中的合理利用对于减少磷素在土壤中的累积和淋溶、降低环境污染风险具有重要意义。To clear the effects of long-term application of organic manure on vegetable yield, accumulation and distribution of Olsen-P in soil profile, an experiment was carried out in a rotation system of tomato, cabbage and celery. The experiment followed a randomized block design consisting of twelve plots with four treatments in three replicates in 2011. The treatments included unfertilized control （ CK, low level of organic manure （ CM1 , 52.5 t·km^-2 ） , medium level of organic manure （CM2, 105 t·km^-2） and high level of organic manure （CM3, 210 t·km^-2）. The vegetable yield, accumulation and distribution of Olsen-P in soil profile were determined and analyzed after each harvest. The results showed that with the increase of organic manure, vegetable yield was not significantly changed, but the uptake of P by plant presented an increased trend. Soil available P content was negatively correlated with the soil depth with an observation that soil available P content decreased as soil depth increased. In the 0 to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm soil depth, soil Olsen-P content increased with the increasing of manure application rate. In the 60 to 90 cm soil layers, soil Olsen- P content was relatively lower. The relationship between the accumulation of Olsen-P in soil profile and the application rate of organic manure presented linear and exponential type, respectively. The bi-rate turning points were 100.4 to 118.5 t·km^-2. In 30 to 60 cm soil depth, soil Olsen-P content had a linear relation with the increasing of planting year. The leaching rate of Olsen-P in 30 - 60 cm soil depth increased with increasing application of organic manure. Therefore, the rational applying organic fertilizer must be strengthened to reduce the pollution of agricultural environment leaded by Paccumlation and leaching in soil.

关 键 词：有机肥 蔬菜生长 土壤磷素累积 土壤磷素分布 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] S153[农业科学—园艺学]