孕穗期施硅对高温下扬花灌浆期水稻干物质转运及产量的影响  

Effects of Silicon on Dry Matter Remobilization,Distribution and Grain Yield of Rice Under High Air Temperature

作　　者：刘奇华 孙召文 信彩云 马加清 

机构地区：[1]山东省水稻研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第9期1833-1839,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2014QNM53)

摘　　要：为探明硅对高温逆境下水稻产量形成的调控效应,以圣稻19为试验材料,通过大田增温试验研究了孕穗期叶面施硅对高温下扬花灌浆期水稻干物质转运与产量的影响。结果表明,与不施硅相比,施硅显著提高了高温逆境下水稻叶片干物质输出量、输出率、转化率,对茎鞘干物质的输出转化无显著影响;减弱了自然温度下水稻叶片干物质的转化率。高温或自然温度下,施硅均显著提高了水稻库容量;高温逆境下,施硅显著增加了水稻结实率与产量,但显著降低了千粒重;自然温度下,显著提高了水稻结实率、千粒重与产量。施硅后叶片输出转化效率与结实率的增加是弥补高温下水稻产量损失的主要因素。本研究结果为完善水稻耐热栽培调控技术提供了有益参考。The effects of foliar application of silicon on dry matter remobilization and distribution and grain yield of rice under high air temperature were investigated, using cuhivar Shengdao 19 as experimental material. The results showed that, when compared to without applying silicon, the dry matter remobilization amount, efficiency and conversion rates in leaves were significantly enhanced, however, the dry matter remobilization amount, efficiency and conversion rates of stems and sheaths were unaffected by applying silicon under high air temperature. The application of silicon reduced the dry matter conversion rates in leaves under natural air temperature as compared with no silicon application. Under high or natural air temperature, applying silicon significantly enhanced sink capacity of rice. We speculate that, under natural air temperature, applying silicon could promote the translocation of photosynthetic matter from leaves to sink after heading stage, impairing the translocation amount of dry matter stored in stems and sheaths before heading stage. Under high air temperature, rice leaves after heading stage probably provide insufficient photosynthetic matter for sink by applying silicon, which increased the use-efficiency of dry matter stored in stems and sheaths before heading stage. The application of silicon significantly i＇ncreased seed-setting rate and grain yield but reduced 1000 - grain weight in rice under high air temperature. The application of silicon markedly enhanced seed-setting rate, 1000 - grain weight as well as grain yield under natural air temperature. The significant enhancements of dry matter remobilization and conversion rates and seed-setting rate induced by applying silicon were main contributors to alleviate grain yield loss under high air temperature. The research could provide beneficial reference for the amelioration of rice resisting hot-stress cultivation technology.

关 键 词：硅 高温 水稻 干物质转运 产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]