托洛茨基主义、工农联盟与“一国社会主义”——以苏联20世纪二三十年代党内斗争为视角的历史考察  

Trostskyism,Worker- Peasant Alliance and“One- state Socialism”:An Historical Research from the Angle of the Internal Struggle of the Soviet Communist Party in 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：吕新雨[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学传播学院 [2]华东师范大学-康奈尔比较人文研究中心

出　　处：《开放时代》2016年第5期157-180,共24页Open Times

摘　　要：不同于欧洲社会主义实践和经典马克思主义的理论探索,工农联盟/城乡关系对于苏联和中国的社会主义革命历史与实践具有生死攸关的意义,它构成列宁主义和毛泽东思想最重要的核心,也是迄今为止中国作为社会主义国家的宪法基础。本文梳理和检讨了20世纪二三十年代苏联党内布哈林、托洛茨基和斯大林之间就社会主义与工农联盟问题展开的激烈的路线斗争、各自不同的理论视野,以及对共产国际运动(特别是中国)的巨大历史影响。中、俄两个传统的农业大国都处于一战前后全球资本主义和帝国主义扩张的巨大压力之下,有着共同爆发社会革命的历史条件,并由此卷入共同的历史逻辑。作为20世纪世界历史中至为重大的事件,这一历史逻辑并没有被真正深刻地阐述和辨析,正因此,我们需要回到作为"中国道路"的世界共运史,或作为国际共运史的"中国道路"。Unlike the socialist experiment in Europe and the theoretical exploration in the time of classic Marxism,the alliance of workers and peasants and the relationship between urban and rural areas are problems of life and death for the socialist revolutionary history and practice of both the Soviet Union and China and therefore constitute the kernel of Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. In fact,the worker-peasant alliance has from the very beginning been the constitutional basis for China as a socialist country. This paper sorts out and examines the antagonistic party line struggle between Bukharin,Trotsky and Stalin over the the issue of socialism in connection with worker-peasant alliance in 1920 s and 1930 s,their different theoretical visions,and their tremendous historical impact on the communist international movement(especially that in China). As two big traditional agrarian economies,both China and Russia were under the formidable pressure of the expansion of global capitalism and imperialism around the World War One. They both had the historical condition for a breakout of social revolution and were therefore welded into the same historical logic. As an event of paramount importance in the world history of the twentieth century,this historical logic has never been accounted for and analyzed deeply. Because of this,we need to revisit the'Chinese path'as part of the international communist movement.

关 键 词：托洛茨基 布哈林 “一国社会主义” 工农联盟 城乡关系 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学] D751.2[历史地理—世界史]