基于水纹识别的水体污染溯源案例研究  

Pollution Source Identification of Water Body Based on Aqueous Fingerprint-Case Study

作　　者：吕清[1] 徐诗琴 顾俊强[1] 王士峰[2] 吴静[2] 程澄[2] 汤久凯[2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州市环境监测中心,江苏苏州215004 [2]清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2016年第8期2590-2595,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2014ZX07305001,2012ZX07506-007);清华大学自主科研项目(20131089252)资助

摘　　要：三维荧光光谱是近年新兴的高灵敏度有机污染检测技术。以此技术,清华大学研制出污染预警溯源仪,并在南方A市投入使用,用于水体荧光水质指纹监测和异常情况污染溯源。这一新型监测手段打破了传统水质监测技术无法提供污染源指向性信息的局限,可以有效识别水质异常并快速诊断污染来源。研究中以污染预警溯源仪捕获的S河中一次水质异常事件为例,介绍这次事件的污染源诊断过程:仪器在线监测过程中捕捉到未知类型的水体水纹,根据水纹峰型及峰强度的变化初步推断污染入侵过程;随后通过仪器对水体水纹与污染源水纹的比对来实现溯源。研究采用pH、苯胺类、TOC和TN等水质指标的变化来检验诊断结果。结果表明,通过监测水纹变化,水纹预警溯源技术能够快速识别和预报水质异常,实现比较准确的污染源诊断。此次水质异常可能是河流上游某化工厂倾倒原料所导致。Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is an emerging sensitive technology to detect organic pollution in water bodies.Based on this technique,a research group from Tsinghua University developed a novel instrument as a tool of pollution early-warning and pollution source identification,it has been put into use in A city in South China,for aqueous fingerprint monitoring and pollution sources identification under abnormal conditions.As a new monitoring method,it broke the limitation that traditional water quality monitoring technology could not provide directivity information of pollution source,and could detect abnormity of water quality quickly and identify pollution source accurately.In this paper,the process to identify pollution source during an abnormity incident of water quality in S River captured by the instrument was studied.When the instrument captured unidentified aqueous fingerprints during on-line monitoring,pollution intrusion process was inferred based on the variation of aqueous fingerprint figure and peak intensity.Then the pollution source identification was achieved by comparing the fingerprints between the polluted water body and possible pollution sources by the instrument.The source identification was verified with the changes of other water quality parameters such as pH,aniline,TOC and TN.The results showed that this early-warning and pollution source identification technique can quickly detect and release warning of abnormity of water quality and identify pollution sources accurately via monitoring aqueous fingerprints.The abnormity incident studied in this paper might be caused by dumping raw materials by a chemical plant located in upstream of the river.

关 键 词：水质指纹 污染 溯源 预警 水体 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]