奥氏体不锈钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能研究  

Study on structure and properties of electron beam welding joints of austenitic stainless steel

作　　者：高福洋[1] 孙建刚[1] 蒋鹏[1] 刘志颖[1] 梅文佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]洛阳船舶材料研究所,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《焊接技术》2016年第8期6-9,4,共4页Welding Technology

基　　金：国家"863"计划资助项目(2013AA09109);河南省科技厅项目(151100210300)

摘　　要：针对16 mm的304奥氏体不锈钢开展了电子束焊接研究,采用金相分析、扫描电镜、断口分析等测试方法对304不锈钢电子束焊接的焊缝形貌、组织、性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,采用电子束熔透焊接和散焦盖面工艺,可以获得性能优异的焊接接头。焊缝主要有细小的奥氏体、铁素体和少量均匀分布的渗碳体组成;熔合线上析出了大量的渗碳体,两侧组织尺寸形貌存在较大差别;热影响区组织形貌和母材相当,晶粒略有长大。焊缝在水平方向上显微硬度最高,与焊缝中奥氏体细小渗碳体分布均匀有关。焊接接头的抗拉强度达到632 MPa,为母材强度(650 MPa)的97%以上,焊缝和热影响区的冲击吸收功高于母材,表现出优于母材的良好韧性,断口表面发现大量韧窝聚集,这些表明焊缝具有良好的塑性。304 steel sheets were welded by electron beam welding, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of welding joints were studied by metallographic analysis, SEM, tension test, impact test and fracture analysis. The results showed that joints with well properties could be got by penetration and cap welding. Weld zone was characterized by austenite, ferrolite and cementite. Fusion zone got a lot of cementite. The structure pattern of HAZ was similar to base metal, but the grain size grew big. The maximal horizon micro-hardness was in weld metal due to the fine uniform distributed cementite. At room temperature, the tensile strength of joint was 632 MPa, up to 97% of that of base metal. The impact toughness of weld metal and HAZ were higher than that of base metal, and the fracture mode showed toughness characteristic.

关 键 词：304不锈钢 电子束焊 金相组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]