非良溶剂致孔法制备柔性自支撑大孔结构超细碳纤维  

Preparation of macroporous ultrafine carbon fibers via poor solvent pore-forming process

作　　者：聂俊平 王亚彬[1] 苏群雁 孟祥苓[1] 何铁石[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]渤海大学化学化工学院,辽宁锦州121013 [2]渤海大学辽宁省超级电容器工程技术中心,辽宁锦州121013

出　　处：《电子元件与材料》2016年第9期58-63,共6页Electronic Components And Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21206083);辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.201510167000006;No.201510167000019)

摘　　要：以硝基甲烷和水的混合溶剂制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)静电纺丝前驱液。通过非良溶剂在静电纺丝过程中的致孔作用,得到大孔结构PAN静电纺丝纤维。通过控制混合溶剂中水含量,可以得到不同孔隙结构的PAN静电纺丝纤维。然后通过碳化、活化过程得到柔性自支撑大孔结构PAN基超细碳纤维。表观形貌、孔隙及比表面积分析和电化学性能测试等结果显示:当混合溶液中硝基甲烷和水的体积比为95:5时,水具有良好的助溶剂和致孔剂作用,此条件下制备的PAN基超细碳纤维具有较好的孔隙结构、BET比表面积和良好的综合电化学性能(内阻0.43?,能量密度7.7 Wh·kg^(–1),功率密度11.1×10~3 W·kg^(–1))。The electrospirming solvent was prepared by polyacrylonitrile （PAN） dissolving in a mixture of nitromethane and water. The macroporous PAN electrospun fibers were obtained via the pore-forming effect of poor solvent during the electrospinning process. The electrospun fibers with different pore structures were prepared by adjusting the water content in mixed nitromethane and water solvent. The flexible free-standing support macroporous ultrafine carbon fibers were prepared via carbonization and activation process. The results of morphology, structure, specific area and electrochemical performance exhibit： the water has the best effect of co-solvent and pore-forming agent at the volume ratio of nitromethane to water being 95：5. So the ultrafine fibers possess better porous structure, specific surface area and good electrochemical performance （internal resistance is around 0.43 Ω, energy density is 7.7 Wh · kg-1 and power density is 11.1 × 103 W ·kg-1）.

关 键 词：超细碳纤维 大孔型 非良溶剂 静电纺丝 电化学性能 超级电容器 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]